An immersion sensor is configured to determine the content of a chemical element in molten metal. The immersion sensor has an auxiliary electrochemical cell extending from an interior surface into the internal volume of a sampling chamber. The sampling chamber can be integrally-formed in a sensor head or in a separate refractory structure. The immersion sensor may be configured for the flow of molten metal into the internal volume of the sampling chamber and into contact with the auxiliary electrochemical cell.

An immersion sensor is configured to determine the content of a chemical element in molten metal. The immersion sensor has an auxiliary electrochemical cell extending from an interior surface into the internal volume of a sampling chamber. The sampling chamber can be integrally-formed in a sensor head or in a separate refractory structure. The immersion sensor may be configured for the flow of molten metal into the internal volume of the sampling chamber and into contact with the auxiliary electrochemical cell.

Systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided herein that track an integrated deviation of a physical property of a material that corresponds to a variation or defect in the material. In one embodiment, molten steel begins to solidify and move past an instrumented region of a mold. Sensors in the mold can detect a deviation in temperature of the instrumented region of the mold that signifies a variation or defect in the surface of the slab material as it solidifies. The systems, methods, and apparatuses track the integrated temperature deviation to more clearly visualize defects that may otherwise not be detectable by simply observing the temperatures of the mold and slab material in real time.

Systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided herein that track an integrated deviation of a physical property of a material that corresponds to a variation or defect in the material. In one embodiment, molten steel begins to solidify and move past an instrumented region of a mold. Sensors in the mold can detect a deviation in temperature of the instrumented region of the mold that signifies a variation or defect in the surface of the slab material as it solidifies. The systems, methods, and apparatuses track the integrated temperature deviation to more clearly visualize defects that may otherwise not be detectable by simply observing the temperatures of the mold and slab material in real time.

Provided is a meniscus flow control device that includes: a meniscus flow detection unit for detecting, in a meniscus flow form of molten steel, relative temperature values for positions measured by temperature measurers, and relatively comparing the temperature values measured by the temperature measurers to thereby determine the flow state of the molten steel meniscus to be normal or abnormal; a magnetic field generation unit, installed outside a mold, for generating a magnetic field and controlling the flow of the molten steel by the magnetic field; and a flow control unit for maintaining the operation of the magnetic field generation unit in the current state when the meniscus flow state detected by the meniscus flow detection unit is determined to be normal, and for controlling the magnetic field generation unit to adjust the meniscus flow to be normal when the detected meniscus flow state is determined to be abnormal.

A low-pressure casting mold includes at least upper and lower molds 4U, 4L forming a cavity 3 and sprue pieces 8, 9 that have cylindrical shapes and that are disposed at different positions of the lower mold 4L. The sprue pieces 8, 9 include sprues 8A, 9A open to the cavity 3 and basins 8B, 9B, and the basins 8B, 9B have different volumes according to the position of the sprue pieces in the lower mold 4. Equalization of the solidification time of molten metal at the sprues 8A, 9A is achieved along with the less influence on the structure of the lower mold 4L and a stalk and the improved flexibility in apparatus design.

The primary object of the present invention is to provide a mold for continuous casting including a temperature detection unit which can detect the temperature of a copper plate of the mold with high precision, and can be easily inserted into and pulled out of the copper plate. The present invention includes: a main body; and a temperature detection unit which is inserted in an insertion hole in the main body, and detects temperature inside the mold. The temperature detection unit includes: an FBG sensor inserted in a protection tube which can be deformed in a radial direction; and a support member which supports the FBG sensor along the longitudinal direction. At a temperature detection point, the protection tube in which the FBG sensor is inserted is held between a stretched member in the support member and an inner surface of the insertion hole.

The invention discloses a slab nozzle inspection equipment with artificial measurement error avoidance, and includes a left-right symmetrical extension slide rail, the extension slide rail is provided with a slide cavity opening downward and facing the symmetrical center side, and the slide cavity is provided with a translation device. The present invention uses a horizontally moving measurement structure to control the marking device. Through the structure of gear meshing rotation, a stable and reliable transmission is formed. The color of the paint is selected by the power of rotation. According to the different colors on the plate, the thickness of the plate is distinguished, and the length of the same color segment is determined. The length of the plate at the higher thickness, if the paint marks of different stages and different colors appear, it proves that the thickness of the slab material is gradually increasing, which is convenient for subsequent processing.

The invention discloses a slab nozzle inspection equipment with artificial measurement error avoidance, and includes a left-right symmetrical extension slide rail, the extension slide rail is provided with a slide cavity opening downward and facing the symmetrical center side, and the slide cavity is provided with a translation device. The present invention uses a horizontally moving measurement structure to control the marking device. Through the structure of gear meshing rotation, a stable and reliable transmission is formed. The color of the paint is selected by the power of rotation. According to the different colors on the plate, the thickness of the plate is distinguished, and the length of the same color segment is determined. The length of the plate at the higher thickness, if the paint marks of different stages and different colors appear, it proves that the thickness of the slab material is gradually increasing, which is convenient for subsequent processing.

A melting vessel for performing an electro-slag melting method and such a method are presented. Measuring devices measuring a temperature at different heights allow conclusions about position and height of a slag zone in the melting vessel during the method.