A porous apparatus includes a first layer and a second layer. The second layer has a plurality of struts. At least some of the struts define a porous geometry defining a plurality of faces, at least one of the plurality of the faces at least partially confronting the first layer. Each face is bounded by intersecting struts at vertices. Less than all of the vertices of each face of the porous geometry at least partially confronting the first layer are connected by a strut to the first layer. A process of producing the at least partially porous structure includes depositing and scanning metal powder layers. At least some of the scanned metal powder layers form either one or both of a portion of a first section of the structure and a portion of a second section of the structure formed by at least the struts defining the porous geometry.

Provided is a method for processing and manufacturing a metal structural material by knitting metal wires into metal screen mesh strips, tightly coiling the metal screen mesh strips to form a coiled blank body which is coated layer-by-layer and in which an outer-layer material tightly covers an inner-layer material; sintering the coiled blank body; reducing gaps within the coiled blank body material by plastic processing to reach a porosity that fulfills requirements, and manufacturing mechanical structural parts therefrom.

A three-dimensional modeled object made of metal including a gas flow path is provided. The gas flow path includes a first structure portion with a lattice structure including a plurality of linear vent holes with a maximum width of equal to or greater than 0.01 mm and equal to or less than 0.10 mm and a frame body portion with a width of equal to or greater than 0.08 mm and equal to or less than 0.25 mm and with a solidification density of equal to or greater than 90%, and has a thickness of equal to or greater than 1 mm and equal to or less than 10 mm.

Methods are disclosed for fabricating heat exchangers and Heat Exchanger (HX) tubes, as are heat exchangers fabricated in accordance with such methods. In embodiments, the method includes fabricating an HX tube by at least partially forming the elongated tube body utilizing a cold spray process during which a metallic feedstock powder is deposited over a removable mandrel. The HX tube is separated from the removable mandrel at some juncture following cold spray deposition of the tube body.

A sintered material has 3% by volume or more and 80% by volume or less of cubic boron nitride grains and a binder. The binder contains: one or more types selected from the group consisting of one or more compounds composed of one or more first elements selected from the group consisting of a group 4 element, a group 5 element, a group 6 element, Al and Si and one or more second elements selected from the group consisting of C, N, O and B, and a solid solution of these compounds; and one or more metallic elements selected from the group consisting of Li, Ca, Na, Sr, Ba and Be. The binder contains the one or more metallic elements of 0.001% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less in total, and oxygen of 0.1% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less.

A method for equipping a film material with at least one electrically conductive conductor structure, wherein a dispersion containing metallic nanoparticles in the form of a conductor structure is applied to a thermostable transfer material and the metallic nanoparticles are sintered to form an electrically conductive conductor structure. The electrically conductive conductor structure of sintered metallic nanoparticles is then transferred from the thermostable transfer material to the non-thermostable film material. A method for producing a laminate material using the film material using at least one electrically conductive conductor structure, and to the corresponding film material and laminate material are described.

A method for equipping a film material with at least one electrically conductive conductor structure, wherein a dispersion containing metallic nanoparticles in the form of a conductor structure is applied to a thermostable transfer material and the metallic nanoparticles are sintered to form an electrically conductive conductor structure. The electrically conductive conductor structure of sintered metallic nanoparticles is then transferred from the thermostable transfer material to the non-thermostable film material. A method for producing a laminate material using the film material using at least one electrically conductive conductor structure, and to the corresponding film material and laminate material are described.

The present invention concerns a tin plating bath comprising tin ions; at least one complexing agent selected from the group consisting of pyrophosphate ions, linear polyphosphate ions and cyclic polyphosphate ions and a nitrogen and sulfur containing stabilizing additive and titanium (III) ions as a reducing agent suitable to reduce tin ions to metallic tin. The present invention further discloses a method of depositing tin or a tin alloy onto a surface of a substrate. The tin plating bath is particularly suitable to be used in the electronics and semiconductor industry.

A porous apparatus includes a first layer and a second layer. The second layer has a plurality of struts. At least some of the struts define a porous geometry defining a plurality of faces, at least one of the plurality of the faces at least partially confronting the first layer. Each face is bounded by intersecting struts at vertices. Less than all of the vertices of each face of the porous geometry at least partially confronting the first layer are connected by a strut to the first layer. A process of producing the at least partially porous structure includes depositing and scanning metal powder layers. At least some of the scanned metal powder layers form either one or both of a portion of a first section of the structure and a portion of a second section of the structure formed by at least the struts defining the porous geometry.

Examples for refining the microstructure of metallic materials used for additive manufacturing are described herein. An example can involve generating a first layer of an integral object by heating a metallic material to a molten state such that the metallic material includes a solid-liquid interface. The example can further involve applying an electromagnetic field or vibrations to the metallic material of the first layer. In some instances, the electromagnetic fields or vibrations perturb the first layer of metallic material causing nucleation sites to form at the solid-liquid interface of the metallic material in the molten state. The example also includes generating a second layer coupled to the first layer of the integral object. Generating the second layer increases a number of nucleation sites at the solid-liquid interface of the metallic material in the molten state. Each nucleation site can grows a crystal at a spatially-random orientation.