The invention belongs to the field of amorphous alloys, and more specifically, relates to a method for calibrating the internal temperature field of amorphous alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering. First, the part required for temperature field calibration inside the bulk amorphous alloy sample obtained by spark plasma sintering is cut into a series of small amorphous alloy samples, and the isothermal crystallization treatment is performed to obtain the crystallization time of different parts of the sample. An annealing-isothermal crystallization experiment is performed on the adopted amorphous alloy powder at different annealing temperatures, and the functional relationship between the annealing temperature and the crystallization time is obtained. The crystallization time of different parts inside the amorphous alloy sample is substituted into this functional relationship, the temperature distribution during the temperature holding stage during the sintering of different parts inside the amorphous alloy sample can be obtained.

The invention belongs to the field of amorphous alloys, and more specifically, relates to a method for calibrating the internal temperature field of amorphous alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering. First, the part required for temperature field calibration inside the bulk amorphous alloy sample obtained by spark plasma sintering is cut into a series of small amorphous alloy samples, and the isothermal crystallization treatment is performed to obtain the crystallization time of different parts of the sample. An annealing-isothermal crystallization experiment is performed on the adopted amorphous alloy powder at different annealing temperatures, and the functional relationship between the annealing temperature and the crystallization time is obtained. The crystallization time of different parts inside the amorphous alloy sample is substituted into this functional relationship, the temperature distribution during the temperature holding stage during the sintering of different parts inside the amorphous alloy sample can be obtained.

Me-N—C catalysts, wherein Me can include a transition metal, Mn, Fe, Co, or a combination of metals with Me-INU moieties located at the exterior surface of the Me-N—C catalysts are produced by a chemical vapor deposition synthesis. The synthesis methods can utilize non-solid-contact pyrolysis wherein a metal salt can be vaporized. Gaseous metal from the vaporized metal salt can displace a metal M from the N—C zeolitic imidazolate framework. The non-solid-contact pyrolysis does not mix solid iron precursors (e.g., Me=Mn, Fe, or Co) with the solid N—C zeolitic imidazolate framework precursors during or before the synthesis, which improves the process compared to conventional methods.

Me-N—C catalysts, wherein Me can include a transition metal, Mn, Fe, Co, or a combination of metals with Me-INU moieties located at the exterior surface of the Me-N—C catalysts are produced by a chemical vapor deposition synthesis. The synthesis methods can utilize non-solid-contact pyrolysis wherein a metal salt can be vaporized. Gaseous metal from the vaporized metal salt can displace a metal M from the N—C zeolitic imidazolate framework. The non-solid-contact pyrolysis does not mix solid iron precursors (e.g., Me=Mn, Fe, or Co) with the solid N—C zeolitic imidazolate framework precursors during or before the synthesis, which improves the process compared to conventional methods.

Provided herein are manufacturing methods, e.g., comprising: (1a) forming a layer, including: depositing a starting material including a mixture of a metal and a sacrificial material; and applying a laser beam to the deposited starting material to consolidate the deposited starting material and form the layer; (1b) optionally repeating (1a) one or more times; and (1c) at least partially removing the sacrificial material to form a porous metal part.

Provided herein are manufacturing methods, e.g., comprising: (1a) forming a layer, including: depositing a starting material including a mixture of a metal and a sacrificial material; and applying a laser beam to the deposited starting material to consolidate the deposited starting material and form the layer; (1b) optionally repeating (1a) one or more times; and (1c) at least partially removing the sacrificial material to form a porous metal part.

A method of forming a consolidated component having a complex shape includes providing a first component having a first shape similar to the complex shape. The method further includes placing the first component in a chamber and surrounding the first component with a medium. The method further includes applying pressure and at least one of heat or electricity into the chamber to process the first component to form a consolidated component having the complex shape.

A method of forming a consolidated component having a complex shape includes providing a first component having a first shape similar to the complex shape. The method further includes placing the first component in a chamber and surrounding the first component with a medium. The method further includes applying pressure and at least one of heat or electricity into the chamber to process the first component to form a consolidated component having the complex shape.

A magnetic material includes magnetic particles. When a magnetic particle is rotated by 360/n degrees (n is an any integer equal to or greater than 2) around a gravity center position of the particle in a planar region, an area of the particle after the rotation overlaps with an area of the particle before the rotation by 90% or more. In the planar region, gravity center positions of from nine to eleven particles are present on a band portion in a rectangular shape. For the particles in the planar region, when a number-based 50% cumulative frequency distribution of maximum lengths in a direction passing through respective gravity center positions is defined as α, a 10% cumulative frequency distribution is equal to or greater than 0.9α, and a 90% cumulative frequency distribution is equal to or less than 1.1α. A surface of the particle is covered with an insulating film.

A magnetic material includes magnetic particles. When a magnetic particle is rotated by 360/n degrees (n is an any integer equal to or greater than 2) around a gravity center position of the particle in a planar region, an area of the particle after the rotation overlaps with an area of the particle before the rotation by 90% or more. In the planar region, gravity center positions of from nine to eleven particles are present on a band portion in a rectangular shape. For the particles in the planar region, when a number-based 50% cumulative frequency distribution of maximum lengths in a direction passing through respective gravity center positions is defined as α, a 10% cumulative frequency distribution is equal to or greater than 0.9α, and a 90% cumulative frequency distribution is equal to or less than 1.1α. A surface of the particle is covered with an insulating film.