According to one implementation, a drill includes the first cutting edges, the second cutting edges and a deflection reducer. The first cutting edges drill a prepared hole to a workpiece. The first cutting edges are formed in a tip side of the drill. The first point angle and each first relief angle of the first cutting edges continuously or intermittently decrease from the tip side toward a rear end side of the drill. The second cutting edges finish the prepared hole. The second cutting edges are formed at positions away in the rear end side from the first cutting edges. The second cutting edges have the second relief angles at a maximum diameter position. The deflection reducer reduces deflection of the second cutting edges by being inserted into the prepared hole. The deflection reducer is formed between the first cutting edges and the second cutting edges.

According to one implementation, a drill includes the first cutting edges, the second cutting edges and a deflection reducer. The first cutting edges drill a prepared hole to a workpiece. The first cutting edges are formed in a tip side of the drill. The first point angle and each first relief angle of the first cutting edges continuously or intermittently decrease from the tip side toward a rear end side of the drill. The second cutting edges finish the prepared hole. The second cutting edges are formed at positions away in the rear end side from the first cutting edges. The second cutting edges have the second relief angles at a maximum diameter position. The deflection reducer reduces deflection of the second cutting edges by being inserted into the prepared hole. The deflection reducer is formed between the first cutting edges and the second cutting edges.

A panel may be configured with panel mounts by forming a panel connector accepting slot in the panel and then locating connector mounts in the slot. In another embodiment, a panel may be configured with panel connector mounts by milling a panel to leave areas of panel material which form the mounts and milling the panel behind to connector mounts to define areas for accepting portions of the panel connector. Panels having the defined connector mounts may be connected by one or more panel connectors which engage the connector mounts.

Provided is a hole drilling machine and the method for drilling an oval hole and an inner-diameter-changing hole by means of the hole drilling machine, the machine and the method being configured so that the oval hole can be shaped with high accuracy and drilling of a complicated hole such as the inner-diameter-changing hole can be performed with high accuracy. A hole drilling machine 100 includes a spindle 101 and an auxiliary spindle 120 holding both end portions of a processing tool 102 having a cutting blade 103. The spindle 101 includes a spindle drive motor 106 configured to rotatably displace the processing tool 102 on a circular path, and a tool turnable-drive motor 105 configured to spin the processing tool 102. The auxiliary spindle 120 includes an auxiliary spindle drive motor 120b. In the auxiliary spindle drive motor 120b, a tool fitting portion 120a in which a tip end portion of the processing tool 102 is slidably fitted is synchronously rotatably driven on the same circular path as that for the spindle 101. A table reciprocatably-displacing mechanism 111 is provided between the spindle 101 and the auxiliary spindle 120. The table reciprocatably-displacing mechanism 111 reciprocatably displaces a work piece WK in an X-axis direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the spindle 101.

Provided is a hole drilling machine and the method for drilling an oval hole and an inner-diameter-changing hole by means of the hole drilling machine, the machine and the method being configured so that the oval hole can be shaped with high accuracy and drilling of a complicated hole such as the inner-diameter-changing hole can be performed with high accuracy. A hole drilling machine 100 includes a spindle 101 and an auxiliary spindle 120 holding both end portions of a processing tool 102 having a cutting blade 103. The spindle 101 includes a spindle drive motor 106 configured to rotatably displace the processing tool 102 on a circular path, and a tool turnable-drive motor 105 configured to spin the processing tool 102. The auxiliary spindle 120 includes an auxiliary spindle drive motor 120b. In the auxiliary spindle drive motor 120b, a tool fitting portion 120a in which a tip end portion of the processing tool 102 is slidably fitted is synchronously rotatably driven on the same circular path as that for the spindle 101. A table reciprocatably-displacing mechanism 111 is provided between the spindle 101 and the auxiliary spindle 120. The table reciprocatably-displacing mechanism 111 reciprocatably displaces a work piece WK in an X-axis direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the spindle 101.

A cutting tool for boring (40) that is attached to a machining apparatus and used for cutting a hole (13) on a large-diameter side of a stepped hole of a workpiece (10) is provided. The cutting tool for boring (40) is a set of two tools, and each cutting tool for boring (40a, 40b) in the set of two includes a shaft part (41), a cutting blade (42) laterally protruding from the respective shaft parts (41), and an abutment surface (43) formed at the tip of each shaft part (41) and used to cause the tips of the respective shaft parts (41) to butt against each other. Each cutting tool for boring (40a, 40b) performs cutting while the two cutting tools for boring (40a, 40b) rotate integrally around the center line of the shaft parts (41) in a coupled state in which the tips of the cutting tools for boring (40a, 40b) are butted together.

A cutting tool for boring (40) that is attached to a machining apparatus and used for cutting a hole (13) on a large-diameter side of a stepped hole of a workpiece (10) is provided. The cutting tool for boring (40) is a set of two tools, and each cutting tool for boring (40a, 40b) in the set of two includes a shaft part (41), a cutting blade (42) laterally protruding from the respective shaft parts (41), and an abutment surface (43) formed at the tip of each shaft part (41) and used to cause the tips of the respective shaft parts (41) to butt against each other. Each cutting tool for boring (40a, 40b) performs cutting while the two cutting tools for boring (40a, 40b) rotate integrally around the center line of the shaft parts (41) in a coupled state in which the tips of the cutting tools for boring (40a, 40b) are butted together.

Disclosed is a core drill guide apparatus for providing a guide for a core drill apparatus to drill into a substrate to form a removable core. The apparatus includes an elongate body with an outer surface and inner space, having an entrance end, an exit end and side walls, a distance between the ends defining a length or height of the elongate body and a width. An passageway extends through the elongate body from entrance to exit end, adapted so that in use, it provides sliding receipt of a fastening system to clamp the apparatus to an outer surface surrounding a first hole in a substrate, allowing the apparatus to abut the outer surface and drill out a core in the substrate underneath and surrounding the first hole. A corresponding guide method and fastening system are also disclosed.

A method for pushing, with a force a tool at the end of an articulated arm against a surface with a normal, including the steps of: positioning the tool against the surface; applying an increasing force to the tool until reaching a value, corresponding to a fraction of the force, the value of the applied force being monitored; measuring the orientation of the tool with respect to the normal, after having reached the force value; and redirecting the tool so as to recover its initial orientation with respect to the normal. Iteration is carried out to proceed, by repetition of steps to, while progressively increasing the force at each iteration, and until reaching the force value, the increase increment between two successive steps being smaller than a determined value.

A method for pushing, with a force a tool at the end of an articulated arm against a surface with a normal, including the steps of: positioning the tool against the surface; applying an increasing force to the tool until reaching a value, corresponding to a fraction of the force, the value of the applied force being monitored; measuring the orientation of the tool with respect to the normal, after having reached the force value; and redirecting the tool so as to recover its initial orientation with respect to the normal. Iteration is carried out to proceed, by repetition of steps to, while progressively increasing the force at each iteration, and until reaching the force value, the increase increment between two successive steps being smaller than a determined value.