In an end mill, eight peripheral cutting edges having a helical shape and g a larger outer diameter than that of a shaft portion are in a cutting portion in a circumferential direction. For one peripheral cutting edge of the eight peripheral cutting edges, when a cut length of the peripheral cutting edge along an axial direction is L, a twist angle of the peripheral cutting edge is , and a circumferential distance at a lower end of the peripheral cutting edge between the peripheral cutting edge and another peripheral cutting edge adjacent to a tool rotation direction rear side of the peripheral cutting edge is a, n expressed by the following equation is approximately 1 for all of the eight peripheral cutting edges in at least a half region of the cut length from the lower end of the peripheral cutting edge.

n=(Ltan )/(2a)

In some examples, a moveable member including multiple tools is moveable relative to a fixed member to position a selected tool for performing an operation. A first connector half may be included on the fixed member for connecting to one of a plurality of second connector halves included on the moveable member. Movement of the moveable member to position the selected tool for performing the operation moves a respective second connector half associated with the selected tool into connection with the first connector half. In addition, a respective nozzle assembly may be associated with each tool. The respective nozzle assembly may receive multiple fluids including at least one fluid received through the connection between the connector halves. The nozzle assembly includes an inner nozzle that outputs a gas and an annular outer nozzle that outputs a machining liquid to generate a mixture to direct toward a tool-workpiece interface.

A tool alignment device for mounting on a tool having a stop, especially on a drilling and/or countersinking tool having a single-piece tool shaft and a stop, for alignment of a drill hole and/or countersink to be introduced or for alignment of a finishing step in relation to a normal to the surface of a workpiece, comprising a main part and a through hole. Upon mechanical contact between the tool alignment device and the surface of the workpiece, a signaling device is actuated and emits alignment signal(s) during alignment in an alignment direction, and the stop of the tool can be accommodated in the main part, which comprises a guide device which establishes a connection between a stop sleeve of the stop and the tool alignment device such that the stop can be aligned in the alignment direction. Also, a drilling, milling and/or countersinking tool having a stop.

This disclosure relates to a tool guide for a tool that shapes a workpiece. The tool guide may include a body having a contact surface configured to contact a surface of a workpiece, a tool holder positioned within the body and configured to hold a machining tool having a tool bit, the tool holder holding the machining tool in a predetermined orientation relative to the workpiece, a guide element attached to the body configured to engage a surface feature of the workpiece, and an upper opening and a lower opening in the body configured to allow the tool bit to extend beyond the contact surface and operate to remove a portion of the workpiece.

Disclosed is a machining center. The machining center includes a bed structure deflected along a deflection curve by a load distribution thereon, a palette structure secured to a first end portion of the bed structure, a spindle assembly to which a machining tool is secured and secured to a second portion of the bed structure, a table movably secured to the bed structure such that a table loading is applied to a load point of the bed structure and an automatic aligner automatically detecting first and second installation errors of the table and the spindle assembly and automatically correcting the first and the second installation errors such that the workpiece and the tool are aligned with each other. The misalignment between the workpiece and the tool is automatically detected and corrected in the machining center.

A method and apparatus. The apparatus comprises a first portion of a tool and a second portion of the tool. The first portion of the tool has a first surface. The first surface has a shape that is complementary to a first portion of a part. The second portion has at least one of a second surface configured to be recessed from a second portion of the part or a hollow portion.

A method and apparatus. The apparatus comprises a first portion of a tool and a second portion of the tool. The first portion of the tool has a first surface. The first surface has a shape that is complementary to a first portion of a part. The second portion has at least one of a second surface configured to be recessed from a second portion of the part or a hollow portion.

A three-axis tool head unit for a machine tool spindle, which comprises three components, which are rotatable or pivotable relative to each other about independent axes. A first head part is rotatably mounted on a support arm about a first axis with respect to the support arm. A second head part is rotatably mounted on the first head part about a second axis with respect to the first head part. A spindle device is rotatably mounted on the second head part about a third axis with respect to the second head part. The third rotary axis is oriented orthogonally to the first and the second rotary axes, while the first and the second rotary axes are inclined relative to each other. Each of the three rotary axes has an associated individual drive device for driving and controlling the rotation of the component about its respective axis.

A facing head as well as a method for inserting a tool into and/or removing a tool from a tool holder device of the facing head. The facing head has a spindle coupling device for exchangeably coupling with a spindle chuck of a working spindle of a machine tool. The facing head has a housing body at which or in which a facing slide is moveably supported in a guided manner. The facing slide supports the tool holder device. The tool holder device is hydraulically controllable. A hydraulic coupling that is mechanically and hydraulically coupled with an associated hydraulic control coupling of the housing body in a tool change position of the facing slide. Remote from the tool change position, the mechanical and hydraulic connection between the hydraulic coupling and the associated hydraulic control coupling is interrupted. In the tool change position a switching of the tool holder device between a hold condition holding the tool and a release condition releasing the tool can be carried out by a respective pressurization with hydraulic pressure.

An example tool includes a body configured to be secured to a substrate, and a template on or in the body. The template defines at least one of a nominal or a maximum material-removal region. An example assembly includes a substrate defining an aperture, and the tool, including the body secured to the substrate. The nominal material-removal region or the maximum material-removal region are substantially aligned with a respective nominal periphery or a maximum periphery of the aperture. An example technique for machining the substrate includes securing the body of the tool to the substrate. The technique includes substantially aligning the nominal or the maximum material-removal region defined by the template with the respective nominal or the respective maximum periphery of the aperture. The technique includes removing material from the substrate only from a region defined by the nominal or maximum material-removal region.