A method and apparatus. The apparatus comprises a first portion of a tool and a second portion of the tool. The first portion of the tool has a first surface. The first surface has a shape that is complementary to a first portion of a part. The second portion has at least one of a second surface configured to be recessed from a second portion of the part or a hollow portion.

The present invention provides a linkage swing head structure, including: a base, a drive mechanism and a spindle. The drive mechanism includes: a power mechanism, a connecting rod mechanism and a lead screw. An end of the spindle is fixed with a cutter, and the spindle is fixed on an end of the connecting rod mechanism. An end of the connecting rod mechanism fixed with the spindle is sleeved on a support bearing, the connecting rod mechanism can rotate around the support bearing, the support bearing is fixed on the base, and the other end of the connecting rod mechanism is movably connected to the lead screw. An output end of the power mechanism is connected to an end of the lead screw. The connecting rod mechanism adjusts the rotation angle of the spindle by sliding on the lead screw. The drive mechanism of the present invention is far away from the spindle, and the interference range thereof to the spindle is small. The spindle can be automatically and continuously indexed, and can also perform linkage machining with small cutting amount, and thus, when the cutter rotates by the same angle, the volume of the device is reduced; the structure is simple and the manufacturing cost is low.

In an end mill, eight peripheral cutting edges having a helical shape and a larger outer diameter than that of a shaft portion are in a cutting portion in a circumferential direction. For one peripheral cutting edge of the eight peripheral cutting edges, when a cut length of the peripheral cutting edge along an axial direction is L, a twist angle of the peripheral cutting edge is θ, and a circumferential distance at a lower end of the peripheral cutting edge between the peripheral cutting edge and another peripheral cutting edge adjacent to a tool rotation direction rear side of the peripheral cutting edge is a, n expressed by the following equation is approximately 1 for all of the eight peripheral cutting edges in at least a half region of the cut length from the lower end of the peripheral cutting edge.
n=(L×tan θ)/(2×a)

In an end mill, eight peripheral cutting edges having a helical shape and a larger outer diameter than that of a shaft portion are in a cutting portion in a circumferential direction. For one peripheral cutting edge of the eight peripheral cutting edges, when a cut length of the peripheral cutting edge along an axial direction is L, a twist angle of the peripheral cutting edge is θ, and a circumferential distance at a lower end of the peripheral cutting edge between the peripheral cutting edge and another peripheral cutting edge adjacent to a tool rotation direction rear side of the peripheral cutting edge is a, n expressed by the following equation is approximately 1 for all of the eight peripheral cutting edges in at least a half region of the cut length from the lower end of the peripheral cutting edge.
n=(L×tan θ)/(2×a)

A cutting tool includes a shaft portion. The shaft portion includes an increased-diameter portion having a diameter larger than a diameter of other portion of the shaft portion. The increased-diameter portion has a recessed portion formed in a peripheral surface of the increased-diameter portion.

The present invention discloses a positioning system with an adjustable clamping force and a milling equipment for a rail transit honeycomb workpiece. The positioning system includes: a positioning apparatus, including a positioning table to support a workpiece; and a clamping apparatus, including a turntable, where the turntable is fixedly disposed on a periphery of the positioning table, a top of the turntable is connected to a mechanical arm, a pressure plate is disposed at an end of the mechanical arm, and the pressure plate is capable of cooperating with the positioning table to clamp the workpiece, where there are a plurality of clamping apparatuses, working regions of adjacent clamping apparatuses have an intersection, and working regions of all the clamping apparatuses are capable of covering a machining surface of the workpiece; and when machining is performed in an intersection region, a clamping apparatus corresponding to the region clamps the workpiece, and when machining is performed in a non-intersection region, a clamping apparatus corresponding to the region dodges, and an adjacent clamping apparatus clamps the workpiece.

The present invention discloses a positioning system with an adjustable clamping force and a milling equipment for a rail transit honeycomb workpiece. The positioning system includes: a positioning apparatus, including a positioning table to support a workpiece; and a clamping apparatus, including a turntable, where the turntable is fixedly disposed on a periphery of the positioning table, a top of the turntable is connected to a mechanical arm, a pressure plate is disposed at an end of the mechanical arm, and the pressure plate is capable of cooperating with the positioning table to clamp the workpiece, where there are a plurality of clamping apparatuses, working regions of adjacent clamping apparatuses have an intersection, and working regions of all the clamping apparatuses are capable of covering a machining surface of the workpiece; and when machining is performed in an intersection region, a clamping apparatus corresponding to the region clamps the workpiece, and when machining is performed in a non-intersection region, a clamping apparatus corresponding to the region dodges, and an adjacent clamping apparatus clamps the workpiece.

In an ultrasonic machining apparatus having leaf springs composed of fiber-reinforced plastic, the leaf springs are provided with a reinforcement in the region of a clamping.

In an ultrasonic machining apparatus having leaf springs composed of fiber-reinforced plastic, the leaf springs are provided with a reinforcement in the region of a clamping.

A processing system includes a cutting tool for milling, a plurality of sensors, and a processing unit. The plurality of sensors each is configured to measure a physical quantity that indicates a state related to loads on the cutting tool during cutting. The processing unit is configured to generate, based on measurement results from the respective sensors at a plurality of measurement time points, measurement data that is related to the loads in two directions on a plane perpendicular to a rotation axis of the cutting tool and that includes two-dimensional data at each of the measurement time points, and to perform a determination process concerning cutting in which the cutting tool is used, based on a two-dimensional shape indicated by the generated measurement data.