This application provides and discloses anti-parasitic, anti-pest or insecticidal nucleic acid molecules and their calmodulin target genes for the control of arthropod parasites and pests. This application further provides methods and compositions for the control and treatment of parasites and pests in Apis mellifera (honey bee) hives.

This application provides and discloses anti-parasitic, anti-pest or insecticidal nucleic acid molecules and their calmodulin target genes for the control of arthropod parasites and pests. This application further provides methods and compositions for the control and treatment of parasites and pests in Apis mellifera (honey bee) hives.

Disclosed is an efficient delivery output, for an oxalic acid vaporizer, for use with a hive-mounted vaporizer adapter device to more uniformly distribute hot vapor into an interior of a beekeeping device. The efficient delivery output includes an output body having a proximal end and a distal end, and an oxalic acid vapor passageway extending between the proximal end and the distal end; wherein the proximal end is configured to direct and concentrate oxalic acid vapors received from an oxalic acid reservoir of the oxalic acid vaporizer; and the distal end is configured to deliver the concentrated oxalic acid vapors to a central area of the beekeeping device. The vaporizer adapter device engages with a beekeeping hive. The adapter device includes an adapter body (e.g., a flat plate) having at least one hive engagement feature (e.g., side edges of the plate); at least one manipulation feature (e.g., a lip for gripping a front of the plate); and a recess for providing a reservoir (e.g., a space for the hot acid vapor to gather) below the hive, the reservoir being open to an interior of the hive, the recess including a port (e.g., a through hole) configured to accommodate the efficient delivery output.

Disclosed is an efficient delivery output, for an oxalic acid vaporizer, for use with a hive-mounted vaporizer adapter device to more uniformly distribute hot vapor into an interior of a beekeeping device. The efficient delivery output includes an output body having a proximal end and a distal end, and an oxalic acid vapor passageway extending between the proximal end and the distal end; wherein the proximal end is configured to direct and concentrate oxalic acid vapors received from an oxalic acid reservoir of the oxalic acid vaporizer; and the distal end is configured to deliver the concentrated oxalic acid vapors to a central area of the beekeeping device. The vaporizer adapter device engages with a beekeeping hive. The adapter device includes an adapter body (e.g., a flat plate) having at least one hive engagement feature (e.g., side edges of the plate); at least one manipulation feature (e.g., a lip for gripping a front of the plate); and a recess for providing a reservoir (e.g., a space for the hot acid vapor to gather) below the hive, the reservoir being open to an interior of the hive, the recess including a port (e.g., a through hole) configured to accommodate the efficient delivery output.

Formulations for promoting honeybee health include an aqueous solution having an organic acid, one or more buffering agents, one or more coloring dyes, and one or more strains of probiotic bacteria. The formulations can be in the form of syrup additives or sprays. The formulations can have additional active ingredients, inert ingredients, or both.

Formulations for promoting honeybee health include an aqueous solution having an organic acid, one or more buffering agents, one or more coloring dyes, and one or more strains of probiotic bacteria. The formulations can be in the form of syrup additives or sprays. The formulations can have additional active ingredients, inert ingredients, or both.

A mobile enclosure system includes a container and subsystems, including at least one of: a heating unit, a cooling unit, a humidity control unit, and a gas/vapor input unit. The system also includes sensors for monitoring environmental conditions within the container and generating environmental data, and a control unit connected with the subsystems and the sensors. The container includes a mobile foundation and a structural envelope on top of the mobile foundation. The control unit is configured for tracking power consumption by the plurality of subsystems coupled with the container, receiving the environmental data from the plurality of sensors, and modifying at least one operating parameter of the plurality of subsystems in accordance with the environmental data. In embodiments, the structural envelope is a permanent structure or includes insulated panels configured for repeated assembly and disassembly. The system may be compatible with multiple add-on packages for different applications.

A mobile enclosure system includes a container and subsystems, including at least one of: a heating unit, a cooling unit, a humidity control unit, and a gas/vapor input unit. The system also includes sensors for monitoring environmental conditions within the container and generating environmental data, and a control unit connected with the subsystems and the sensors. The container includes a mobile foundation and a structural envelope on top of the mobile foundation. The control unit is configured for tracking power consumption by the plurality of subsystems coupled with the container, receiving the environmental data from the plurality of sensors, and modifying at least one operating parameter of the plurality of subsystems in accordance with the environmental data. In embodiments, the structural envelope is a permanent structure or includes insulated panels configured for repeated assembly and disassembly. The system may be compatible with multiple add-on packages for different applications.

The present invention is based on a plurality of benefits from the extracts of mycelia of individual fungal species, and mixtures of species, to provide an armamentarium of defenses from multiple stressors in order to help bees survive a complex of symptoms collectively called colony collapse disorder (CCD). More particularly, the present invention utilizes specific concentrations of extracts from pure cultured mycelium from mushroom forming fungi to reduce harmful viruses in bees and to increase the longevity of bees.

The present invention is based on a plurality of benefits from the extracts of mycelia of individual fungal species, and mixtures of species, to provide an armamentarium of defenses from multiple stressors in order to help bees survive a complex of symptoms collectively called colony collapse disorder (CCD). More particularly, the present invention utilizes specific concentrations of extracts from pure cultured mycelium from mushroom forming fungi to reduce harmful viruses in bees and to increase the longevity of bees.