The present application concerns a fuel-injection metering device for a motor vehicle. The fuel-injection device include a main body with at least one through-hole, whereby the main body forms a valve seat on its inner face that is provided to interact with a valve body, whereby the inner face of the main body is electrochemically machined. The application also concerns a mold, a production method, and a fuel-injection nozzle.

The present disclosure provides an electrochemical machining apparatus including a pressurized tank, a cap, a stabilizing plate, a guiding element, and an electrode. The pressurizing tank has a top surface and a chamber, wherein the top surface is disposed with an opening and a limiting portion. The cap fits in the opening and is limited by the limiting portion to seal the pressurized tank. The stabilizing plate is spaced from the top surface or the cap by a distance. The guiding element penetrates the stabilizing plate to connect with the cap and provides a channel to the chamber. The electrode is guided by the guiding element and penetrates the chamber via the channel. When the electrode processes a workpiece in the chamber during an electrochemical machining operation, the cap takes a pressure generated during the electrochemical machining operation, and the stabilizing plate stabilizes the electrode and the guiding element.

A method includes applying a force to elastically deform at least a portion of a superalloy turbine blade from a relaxed, initial position to an elastically deformed position. The at least a portion of the superalloy turbine blade has a curvature in the elastically deformed position not present in the relaxed, initial position. A hole is drilled generally span-wise through the at least a portion of the superalloy turbine blade in the elastically deformed position, and when the force is released, the superalloy turbine blade returns to the relaxed, initial position and the hole takes on a hole curvature within the at least a portion of the superalloy turbine blade.

A method includes applying a force to elastically deform at least a portion of a superalloy turbine blade from a relaxed, initial position to an elastically deformed position. The at least a portion of the superalloy turbine blade has a curvature in the elastically deformed position not present in the relaxed, initial position. A hole is drilled generally span-wise through the at least a portion of the superalloy turbine blade in the elastically deformed position, and when the force is released, the superalloy turbine blade returns to the relaxed, initial position and the hole takes on a hole curvature within the at least a portion of the superalloy turbine blade.

Systems and methods for etching complex patterns on an interior surface of a hollow object are disclosed. A method generally includes positioning a laser system within the hollow object with a focal point of the laser focused on the interior surface, and operating the laser system to form the complex pattern on the interior surface. Motion of the laser system and the hollow object is controlled by a motion control system configured to provide rotation and/or translation about a longitudinal axis of one or both of the hollow object and the laser system based on the complex pattern, and change a positional relationship between a reflector and a focusing lens of the laser system to accommodate a change in distance between the reflector and the interior surface of the hollow object.

A method for microengineering a gradient structure on a metal surface. A metal surface including at least first, second, and third metal surface regions is exposed to a metal-removing agent. A portion of surface metal atoms is removed by the metal-removing agent in each of the first, second, and third metal surface regions. Sequential metal removal processes expose only the second and third regions to the metal-removing agent, followed by exposing only the third region to the metal-removing agent. A gradient metal surface is formed having different properties in each of the first, second, and third metal surface regions. In a further aspect, quantitative surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy may be performed using the treated metal surface. An amount of an analyte is determined based on its position in one of the first, second, or third metal surface regions.

A method for microengineering a gradient structure on a metal surface. A metal surface including at least first, second, and third metal surface regions is exposed to a metal-removing agent. A portion of surface metal atoms is removed by the metal-removing agent in each of the first, second, and third metal surface regions. Sequential metal removal processes expose only the second and third regions to the metal-removing agent, followed by exposing only the third region to the metal-removing agent. A gradient metal surface is formed having different properties in each of the first, second, and third metal surface regions. In a further aspect, quantitative surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy may be performed using the treated metal surface. An amount of an analyte is determined based on its position in one of the first, second, or third metal surface regions.

The disclosed embodiments include a housing of a handheld mobile device. The housing includes a ceramic layer forming a continuous outermost surface of the handheld mobile device, and an antenna layer adjacent to the ceramic layer. The antenna layer including conductive elements formed from a metal injection molded substrate, and an antenna break formed of non-conductive material electrically separating the conductive elements to collectively form an antenna of the handheld mobile device that is hidden by the ceramic layer from an exterior view of the handheld mobile device.

The invention relates to a weld cleaning fluid, and method of cleaning weld or discoloration especially on stainless steel. Stainless steel welds, such as those done by TIG welding, require cleaning to remove the resulting surface discoloration and also to passivate the steel. This is often done using an electro-cleaning apparatus with the assistance of electrolyte cleaning fluids. A new cleaning fluid has been developed that has a generally neutral pH, instead of the highly acidic nature of previously used fluids, which avoids environmental and safety issues. The cleaning fluid composition preferably has potassium or sodium orthophosphate salts as the main active ingredient, or similar such salts, and has a pH of around 7. It may also include a sequestering or chelating agent such as a sodium and/or potassium salt of EDTA, and coloring and fragrance.

The invention relates to a weld cleaning fluid, and method of cleaning weld or discoloration especially on stainless steel. Stainless steel welds, such as those done by TIG welding, require cleaning to remove the resulting surface discoloration and also to passivate the steel. This is often done using an electro-cleaning apparatus with the assistance of electrolyte cleaning fluids. A new cleaning fluid has been developed that has a generally neutral pH, instead of the highly acidic nature of previously used fluids, which avoids environmental and safety issues. The cleaning fluid composition preferably has potassium or sodium orthophosphate salts as the main active ingredient, or similar such salts, and has a pH of around 7. It may also include a sequestering or chelating agent such as a sodium and/or potassium salt of EDTA, and coloring and fragrance.