A method, apparatus, and system are provided to monitor and characterize the dynamics of a phase change region (PCR) created during laser welding, specifically keyhole welding, and other material modification processes, using low-coherence interferometry. By directing a measurement beam to multiple locations within and overlapping with the PCR, the system, apparatus, and method are used to determine, in real time, spatial and temporal characteristics of the weld such as keyhole depth, length, width, shape and whether the keyhole is unstable, closes or collapses. This information is important in determining the quality and material properties of a completed finished weld. It can also be used with feedback to modify the material modification process in real time.

A method, apparatus, and system are provided to monitor and characterize the dynamics of a phase change region (PCR) created during laser welding, specifically keyhole welding, and other material modification processes, using low-coherence interferometry. By directing a measurement beam to multiple locations within and overlapping with the PCR, the system, apparatus, and method are used to determine, in real time, spatial and temporal characteristics of the weld such as keyhole depth, length, width, shape and whether the keyhole is unstable, closes or collapses. This information is important in determining the quality and material properties of a completed finished weld. It can also be used with feedback to modify the material modification process in real time.

A welding system of cylindrical structures which welds a welding end surface of an upper cylindrical structure and that of a lower one in an axial direction thereof, includes: two or more welding apparatuses opposite to the welding end surfaces and disposed at equal arrangement intervals in the circumferential direction thereof; a moving device configured to rotate the upper and lower cylindrical structures relative to the welding apparatuses in a circumferential direction thereof; and a control device configured to control the welding apparatuses and the moving device. The welding apparatus has a filler metal and a heating source therefor, and melts and fuses the filler metal on the welding end surfaces to weld them, and the control device is configured to continuously rotate the upper and lower cylindrical structures an angle of the arrangement interval by the moving device, while welding the welding end surfaces with the welding apparatuses.

A mobile hardbanding system that uses PTA welding to perform hardbanding on drill string sections at the well site. The inventive system allows alternate use of PTA and MIG welding. Both a PTA torch and a MIG torch are provided. Changing from one type of welding to the other is simplified by including separate electrical, gas, and cooling conduits for each torch. The torch not in use is parked in the welding compartment near the weld box. The powder hopper for the PTA welding assembly may be mounted on a swivel arm so that it can be moved out of the way when the MIG torch is in use.

Techniques and devices are disclosed for fabrication layout device. The device includes a table with a work surface. The work surface being a continuous surface and configured to support a plurality of railing pieces for fabrication of a railing assembly. The device further includes a beam located above the work surface. The beam is operatively coupled to the table, such that the beam moves relative to the work surface in a first direction. Attached to the beam is an ink dispenser. The ink dispenser is configured to move along the beam in a second direction different from the first direction. The ink dispenser is further configured to dispense ink onto the work surface of the table in the form of a pattern of the railing assembly. Railing pieces are positioned on the pattern so that they can be assembled to one another.

An object of the present invention is to suppress blow holes in welding using tough pitch copper.

A welding method includes a first step of heating at least a portion of a first conductor and a second conductor containing copper, and a second step of adding a filler metal containing phosphorus while melting the first conductor and the second conductor so that a phosphorus content rate in a welded portion at which an end portion of the first conductor and an end portion of the second conductor are connected to each other is equal to or more than 0.1%.

An electric arc welding system for depositing weld metal along a groove between two edges of a metal workpiece where the system contains a first power supply and a second power supply, each providing a welding waveform to respective welding electrodes. The positive output terminals of both power supplies are coupled to the same contact tip and the negative output terminal of one of the power supplies is not coupled to the workpiece.

A connector for lined pipelines includes a tube having opposed male interface elements extending inwardly from respective ends of the tube. One or more circumferential permeable chokes project radially from each male interface element. The chokes minimise flow of oxidising fluid from the bore into the micro-annulus between the liner and the pipe while maximising flow of fluid from the micro-annulus into the bore in the event of catastrophic pressure drop in the bore. To maintain gaps between the tube ends and the pipe liners for fluid flow, shoulder formations extend circumferentially around the tube. The connector may be used in a joint arrangement where each liner includes a body, an end of lesser thickness and greater bore than the body that terminates short of an end of the pipe, an inner step between the body and the end, and an outer step between the end and the pipe.

In a method of welding a cut-out part with a workpiece at a preselected area in a thickness direction of the workpiece in a wire electrical discharge machining to retain temporarily or tentatively the part on the workpiece, a wire electrode 5 tilted in posture cuts the workpiece 6 to form a slant cutting surface 30 at a spark discharge location in a desired contour 21 in the workpiece 6. The wire electrode 5 after kept in an upright posture executes the welding process on the workpiece 6 along the slant cutting surface. A plurality of the welded spots is formed over a preselected length at preselected areas in the thickness direction of the workpiece 6. Even if the cut-out part 26 weighs more or the spark discharge is executed on the workpiece 6 overlapped one on the other, the welding spot 20 is formed in the thickness direction of the workpiece 6 adequately depending on the working situation to tentatively retain the cut-out part 26 on the workpiece 6.

In a method of welding a cut-out part with a workpiece at a preselected area in a thickness direction of the workpiece in a wire electrical discharge machining to retain temporarily or tentatively the part on the workpiece, a wire electrode 5 tilted in posture cuts the workpiece 6 to form a slant cutting surface 30 at a spark discharge location in a desired contour 21 in the workpiece 6. The wire electrode 5 after kept in an upright posture executes the welding process on the workpiece 6 along the slant cutting surface. A plurality of the welded spots is formed over a preselected length at preselected areas in the thickness direction of the workpiece 6. Even if the cut-out part 26 weighs more or the spark discharge is executed on the workpiece 6 overlapped one on the other, the welding spot 20 is formed in the thickness direction of the workpiece 6 adequately depending on the working situation to tentatively retain the cut-out part 26 on the workpiece 6.