A method of manufacturing an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint includes forming cup and shaft members using medium carbon steel, preparing, as the cup member, a cup member having cylindrical and bottom portions integrally formed, and a joining end surface formed on an outer surface of the bottom portion, preparing, as the shaft member, a shaft member having a joining end surface to be joined to the bottom portion of the cup member, and bringing the joining end surfaces of the cup and shaft members into abutment against each other. The method also includes welding the cup and shaft members from an outer side of the cup member to an abutment portion between the cup and shaft members in a radial direction of the cup member under a state in which a hollow cavity portion is formed inside the abutment portion.

In one embodiment, a system includes a deposition system that comprises an energy source, a material feed, and an active guide. The system further includes a base platform and a control system communicatively coupled to the deposition system. The control system is configured to provide instructions to the deposition system to deposit one or more layers of material from the material feed onto a baseplate coupled to the base platform, thereby creating a structure. The control system is further configured to provide instructions to the deposition system to weld the material as it is deposited from the material feed using an energy beam from the energy source and to deploy the active guide to shape the material, thereby forming at least one shaped surface of the structure.

A method for producing a work piece includes the providing of a substrate having a predetermined surface structure and the generative manufacturing of a material for the work piece on the surface structure, such that the surface structure defines a base surface of the work piece to be manufactured, wherein the generative manufacturing is carried out by deposition welding and wherein the base surface is an at least partially interior surface of the work piece in respect of a contour of the work piece that is to be manufactured. The method furthermore includes the detaching of the substrate.

The present disclosure provides three-dimensional (3D) printing methods, apparatuses, systems and/or software to form one or more complex three-dimensional objects. The three-dimensional object may be formed by three-dimensional printing one or more methodologies. The three-dimensional object may comprise an overhang portion and/or cavity ceiling with diminished deformation and/or auxiliary support structures.

A method of manufacturing an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint includes forming cup and shaft members of medium carbon steel, the cup member being manufactured by preparing a cup member having cylindrical and bottom portions being integrally formed, and a fitting hole formed in a thick portion of the bottom portion, the shaft member being manufactured by preparing a shaft member having a fitting outer surface formed at an end portion of the shaft member to be joined to the bottom portion of the cup member, and fitting the fitting hole of the cup member to the fitting outer surface of the shaft member. The method also includes welding the cup and shaft members from an inner side of the cup member to a fitted portion between the cup and shaft members.

A method of manufacturing an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint includes forming cup and shaft members of medium carbon steel, the cup member being manufactured by preparing a cup member having cylindrical and bottom portions being integrally formed, and a fitting hole formed in a thick portion of the bottom portion, the shaft member being manufactured by preparing a shaft member having a fitting outer surface formed at an end portion of the shaft member to be joined to the bottom portion of the cup member, and fitting the fitting hole of the cup member to the fitting outer surface of the shaft member. The method also includes welding the cup and shaft members from an inner side of the cup member to a fitted portion between the cup and shaft members.

Physical vapor deposition target assemblies and methods of manufacturing such target assemblies are disclosed. An exemplary target assembly comprises a flow pattern including a plurality of arcs and bends fluidly connected to an inlet end and an outlet end.

A vehicle spindle and a method of attaching the spindle to a portion of an axle half shaft housing. The spindle has an inner surface, an outer surface, one or more bearing journals on the outer surface of the spindle and a radially protruding portion circumferentially extending from at least a portion of the outer surface of an axially inboard end portion of the spindle. Prior to attaching the spindle to the axle half shaft housing, the one or more bearing journals are ground, a clocking angle for the radially protruding portion of the spindle is determined and the spindle is aligned to the determined clocking angle. Once the spindle is aligned to the determined clocking angle, the axially inboard end portion of the spindle is attached to an axially outboard end portion of the axle half shaft housing using one or more welds.

In a method for the production of a seamless, multilayered tubular product, a further layer is applied through hardfacing on a base layer of a round or polygonal block, with the further layer made of a metallic material which is different than a metallic material of the base layer. The round or polygonal block with hardfaced further layer is hot formed to produce a tubular product with reduced wall thickness and outer perimeter in one or more stages. A diffusion layer is established between the base layer and the further layer through heat treatment before hot forming and/or after hot forming, thereby producing a thickness of the diffusion layer of at least 5 m with the proviso that the thickness of the diffusion layer is 0.1% to 50% of a thickness of the further layer, with the thickness of the further layer being equal to or greater than 100 m.

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus systems and methods described herein provide, among other things, a system for additive manufacturing of metal objects. The system includes two electron beams. In one optional implementation, one beam is high powered and acts as a deposition beam that melts a metal feed stock material which is delivered to a deposition zone and onto a work surface and the second electron beam is a low power electron source. The second electron beam acts as an interrogating source that generates an electron beam which interacts with the deposited material. The second electron beam may be active after material is deposited and provides post-deposition in-situ metrology. Various signals generated by this second beam/material interaction are collected and used to provide information about the melted and deposited material.