A thin wall spinformed metallic tank shell includes a first region with a first thickness and at least one second region with a second thickness greater than the first thickness including structural features formed by an additive manufacturing process, where the features are added outside and inside of the metallic tank shell and can include: polar bosses added to one or both external polar regions of a spherical section of the tank; mounting tabs on a circumferential skirt of the tank; mounting rings containing threaded holes attached to the interior or exterior surface of the tank; mounting trunnions attached to the external surface of the tank; propellant management devices attached to the interior surface of the tank; structural reinforcement vanes and ribs attached to the inside surface of the tank; and brackets and/or shelves attached to the inside surface of the tank.

A method for large-scale, real-time simultaneous additive and subtractive manufacturing is described. The apparatus used in the method includes a build unit and a machining mechanism that are attached to a positioning mechanism, a rotating platform, and a rotary encoder attached to the rotating platform. The method involves rotating the build platform; determining the rotational speed; growing the object and the build wall through repetitive cycles of moving the build unit(s) over and substantially parallel to multiple build areas within the build platform to deposit a layer of powder at each build area, leveling the powder, and irradiating the powder to form a fused additive layer at each build area; machining the object being manufactured; and cutting and removing the build wall. The irradiation parameters are calibrated based on the determined rotational speed.

A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet exhibits reduced iron loss and reduced noise. The electrical steel sheet has magnetic domains refined by regions with a high lattice defect density being locally formed on the surface of or within the steel sheet, in which the regions with a high lattice defect density has a hardness, as measured by a micro Vickers hardness meter, equal to or lower than that of other regions.

A globule for an additive manufacturing process includes a plurality of additive manufacturing stock particles respectively having a submicron size. A binder fixes the plurality of submicron size additive manufacturing stock particles to one another such that the particles form a globule having a size of less than fifty microns.

A method is provided for manufacturing a segment of a drill string, such as a tubular tool, from a plurality of layers. The method includes arranging a plurality of layers based on a selected length of the segment. Each of the plurality of layers includes an aperture that is received over an alignment feature that restricts movement of the plurality of layers to two or fewer degrees of freedom. A joining process is performed to join the plurality of layers, which may include at least one replacement layer.

Before performing additive manufacturing of an article to be formed, a first scale plate is scanned in a first scanning speed so that a trace of the electron beam is depicted. An electric current value through a focusing coil with which the trace of the electron beam becomes narrowest is found and set as a melting electric current value. Then, a second scale plate is scanned similarly in the first scanning speed so that a trace of the electron beam is depicted. An electric current value through the focusing coil with which the trace of the electron beam cannot be seen is found and set as a preheating focusing electric current value. Dispersed metal powder is scanned with electron beam of the preheating electric current value as set before in a second scanning speed 20 to 30 times of the first scanning speed. Thereafter, the additive manufacturing is performed.

Excessive evaporation of powder is prevented. A three-dimensional shaping apparatus includes an electron gun that generates an electron beam, at least one deflector that deflects the electron beam one- or two-dimensionally, at least one lens that is provided between the electron gun and the deflector, and that focuses the electron beam, and a controller that controls the deflection direction and scanning speed of the deflector, the deflector scanning and irradiating the predetermined regions. The three-dimensional shaping apparatus further includes a controller that controls the cross-sectional diameter of the electron beam. The process step of melting the powder is divided into two process steps, namely the first melting step and the second melting step in the sequential order of the process steps. In the first melting step, the powder is given the amount of unit-area heat necessary to raise the temperature of the powder from its preheating temperature to its melting point. In the second melting step, the powder is given the amount of unit-area heat equal to or larger than the amount of unit-area heat necessary for the powder to melt by receiving its melting heat. In the second melting step, furthermore, the cross-sectional diameter of the beam is increased so that the powder is given a smaller amount of unit-area amount of unit-area power of the electron beam in the second melting step than in the first melting step.

A method of manufacturing a component using electron beam melting includes providing a powder layer; selectively melting at least a part of the powder layer so as to generate a solid layer of the component using a first electron beam; identifying any defects in the solid layer by scanning the solid layer using a second electron beam; and then repeating these steps at least once so as to build up a shape corresponding to the component. The second electron beam has a lower power than the first electron beam. The method may also include steps of removing any identified defects in the solid layer by using the first electron beam to re-melt at least a part of the solid layer, and adjusting one or more parameters of the selective melting step so as to avoid future recurring defects based on stored data relating to the scanned solid layer.

In manufacturing method of shunt resistor according to the present invention, at least one of first and second conductors that is thicker than a resistance alloy plate member includes a joining surface abutted to the resistance alloy plate member with their edges on one side in a plate-thickness direction being aligned with each other, a first inclined surface that is gradually located on one side in the plate-thickness direction from the joining surface toward the side opposite to the resistance alloy plate member in the plate-surface direction, and a first plate surface extending to the side opposite to the resistance alloy plate member in the plate-surface direction from the first inclined surface. Electron beams or laser is emitted to the joining surfaces of the conductor having the larger thickness and the resistance alloy plate member from one side in the plate-thickness direction to weld the joining surfaces.

In manufacturing method of shunt resistor according to the present invention, at least one of first and second conductors that is thicker than a resistance alloy plate member includes a joining surface abutted to the resistance alloy plate member with their edges on one side in a plate-thickness direction being aligned with each other, a first inclined surface that is gradually located on one side in the plate-thickness direction from the joining surface toward the side opposite to the resistance alloy plate member in the plate-surface direction, and a first plate surface extending to the side opposite to the resistance alloy plate member in the plate-surface direction from the first inclined surface. Electron beams or laser is emitted to the joining surfaces of the conductor having the larger thickness and the resistance alloy plate member from one side in the plate-thickness direction to weld the joining surfaces.