Particular aspects show that the signal peptide remains intact on the mature CD18 molecule on ruminant leukocytes rendering these cells susceptible to cytolysis by Lkt. Comparative amino acid sequence analysis of the signal peptide of CD18 of eight ruminants and five non-ruminants revealed that the ruminant CD18 signal peptides contain cleavage-inhibiting glutamine (Q), compared to cleavage-conducive glycine in non-ruminants, at position 5 relative to the cleavage site. Mutagenesis of Q at position 5 of the bovine CD18 signal peptide to G resulted in the abrogation of Lkt-mediated cytolysis of transfectants expressing bovine CD18 carrying the Q(5)G mutation. Provided is novel technology to clone cattle and other ruminants expressing CD18 without the signal peptide on their leukocytes, providing ruminants that are less susceptible to M. haemolytica. Methods for treating conditions and/or diseases associated with M. haemolytica (e.g., pneumonic pasteurellosis), comprising administration of polypeptides comprising CD18 signal peptide sequences are also provided.

A transgenic animal is provided. In certain embodiments, the transgenic animal comprises a genome comprising: an immunoglobulin light chain locus comprising: a) a functional immunoglobulin light chain gene comprising a transcribed variable region encoding: i. light chain CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 regions that are composed of 2 to 5 different amino acids; and ii. a light chain framework; and, operably linked to the functional immunoglobulin light chain gene: b) a plurality of pseudogene light chain variable regions each encoding: i. light chain CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 regions that are composed of the same 2 to 5 different amino acids as the CDRs of the functional gene; and ii. a light chain framework that is identical in amino acid sequence to the light chain framework of the transcribed variable region.

The present invention relates to a method and facility for breeding insects. According to the invention, the insect breeding facility comprises a spawning area comprising spawning containers which are adapted to receive adult insects and insect food, wherein at least one spawn structure is provided in each spawning container, in which spawn structures the mother insects will spawn their eggs. The plurality of spawning containers are stacked in one or more stacks of containers. Furthermore a hatch area is provided in which the eggs will hatch and which allows periodical harvesting of baby larvae from the hatch area.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which affects 1 in 5,000 male births, is one of the most common genetic disorders of children. This disease is caused by an absence or deficiency of dystrophin protein in striated muscle. The major DMD deletion hot spots are found between exon 6 to 8, and exons 45 to 53. Here, a humanized mouse model is provided that can be used to test a variety of DMD exon skipping strategies. Among these are, CRISPR/Cas9 oligonucleotides, small molecules or other therapeutic modalities that promote exon skipping or micro dystrophin mini genes or cell based therapies. Methods for restoring the reading frame of exon 44 deletion via CRISPR-mediated exon skipping in the humanized mouse model, in patient-derived iPS cells and ultimately, in patients using various delivery systems are also contemplated. The impact of CRISPR technology on DMD is that gene editing can permanently correct mutations.

Mounting behavior is detected easily. A mounting behavior detection system includes a mounting-side apparatus, a mounted-side apparatus, and a charging apparatus. The mounting-side apparatus is attached to the neck or the chin of a first domestic animal, is configured to emit a transmission signal, and includes a battery. The mounted-side apparatus is attached at any position from the back to the tail of a second domestic animal and is configured to transmit a response signal in response to the transmission signal. The charging apparatus is configured to transmit power wirelessly to the battery.

Mounting behavior is detected easily. A mounting behavior detection system includes a mounting-side apparatus, a mounted-side apparatus, and a charging apparatus. The mounting-side apparatus is attached to the neck or the chin of a first domestic animal, is configured to emit a transmission signal, and includes a battery. The mounted-side apparatus is attached at any position from the back to the tail of a second domestic animal and is configured to transmit a response signal in response to the transmission signal. The charging apparatus is configured to transmit power wirelessly to the battery.

Genetically modified mammals are described which lack the mannan binding lectin associated serine protease MASP-2, together with methods and constructs for their production. Such mammals are useful as models for disorders of the complement system, and in the identification of treatments for such disorders. Also described are mammals which lack the associated protein MAp19; such mammals may also lack MASP-2.

[Problem to be Solved] The present invention provides a method for producing a chimeric animal using a primed pluripotent stem cell, a tissue stem cell, a progenitor cell, a somatic cell, or a germ cell. [Solution] The method for producing a chimeric animal according to the present invention comprises introducing a mammal-derived cell into the embryo of a mammal, the cell being primed pluripotent stem cell, tissue stem cell, progenitor cell, somatic cell, or germ cell.

The invention provides knock-in non-human cells and mammals having a genome encoding chimeric antibodies and methods of producing knock-in cells and mammals. Certain aspects of the invention include chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, pharmaceutical compositions and kits. Certain aspects of the invention also relate to diagnostic and treatment methods using the antibodies of the invention.

An estimation method performed by a computer, the method comprising: distinguishing ground-off and landing timings of respective four limbs of an animal based on measurement data acquired by using a motion sensor attached to the animal which has four limbs, and identifying a limb which interlocks with a disorder of a motion waveform upon a motion of the animal, based on the distinguished ground-off and landing timings of each of the four limbs of the animal.