A method for removing dental material is disclosed. The method may include suspending, by a hydrated polymeric material, a quantity of abrasive media. The hydrated polymeric material and suspended abrasive media may then be pressurized. Accordingly, an abrasive stream may be formed by expelling, under pressure, the hydrated polymeric material and suspended abrasive media from a nozzle. The abrasive stream may be precisely applied to a tooth to abrade the enamel or dentin thereof as a drilling instrumentality.

A method for removing dental material is disclosed. The method may include suspending, by a hydrated polymeric material, a quantity of abrasive media. The hydrated polymeric material and suspended abrasive media may then be pressurized. Accordingly, an abrasive stream may be formed by expelling, under pressure, the hydrated polymeric material and suspended abrasive media from a nozzle. The abrasive stream may be precisely applied to a tooth to abrade the enamel or dentin thereof as a drilling instrumentality.

Shot-peening method. Projecting a powder onto a surface. The powder includes sintered particles, more than 95 wt % of the particles are beads. The powder has, in wt % based on the oxides: —ZrO.sub.2 partially stabilized with CeO.sub.2 and Y.sub.2O.sub.3: balance to 100%, CeO.sub.2 and Y.sub.2O.sub.3 present, in mol % according to the sum of ZrO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2 and Y.sub.2O.sub.3, CeO.sub.2: 2.5-11 mol % and Y.sub.2O.sub.3: 0.5-2 mol %, —Al.sub.2O.sub.3; 3-50%—additive chosen from CaO, manganese oxides, ZnO, praseodymium oxides, SrO, copper oxides, 0.2-6% Nd.sub.2O.sub.3, BaO, iron oxides, and mixtures thereof: CaO being less than 2%, —elements other than ZrO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, Y.sub.2O.sub.3, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, CaO, manganese oxides, ZnO, praseodymium oxides, ≤5% SrO, copper oxides, Nd.sub.2O.sub.3, BaO, and iron oxides: manganese oxides, praseodymium oxides, copper oxides and iron oxides being expressed as MnO, Pr.sub.6O.sub.11, CuO and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, respectively, and a relative density greater than 95%.

Shot-peening method. Projecting a powder onto a surface. The powder includes sintered particles, more than 95 wt % of the particles are beads. The powder has, in wt % based on the oxides: —ZrO.sub.2 partially stabilized with CeO.sub.2 and Y.sub.2O.sub.3: balance to 100%, CeO.sub.2 and Y.sub.2O.sub.3 present, in mol % according to the sum of ZrO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2 and Y.sub.2O.sub.3, CeO.sub.2: 2.5-11 mol % and Y.sub.2O.sub.3: 0.5-2 mol %, —Al.sub.2O.sub.3; 3-50%—additive chosen from CaO, manganese oxides, ZnO, praseodymium oxides, SrO, copper oxides, 0.2-6% Nd.sub.2O.sub.3, BaO, iron oxides, and mixtures thereof: CaO being less than 2%, —elements other than ZrO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, Y.sub.2O.sub.3, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, CaO, manganese oxides, ZnO, praseodymium oxides, ≤5% SrO, copper oxides, Nd.sub.2O.sub.3, BaO, and iron oxides: manganese oxides, praseodymium oxides, copper oxides and iron oxides being expressed as MnO, Pr.sub.6O.sub.11, CuO and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, respectively, and a relative density greater than 95%.

A high-pressure cleaning device, a cleaning dispersion, and a combination of a high-pressure cleaning device with a surface to be cleaned. The cleaning device cleans surfaces soiled by fine particles, particularly motor vehicle surfaces, and includes a high-pressure pump for delivering a cleaning product to a high-pressure jet nozzle. The cleaning product emerges in a high-pressure jet. The cleaning product includes a cleaning dispersion with a carrier fluid and solid cleaning particles having a density of between 0.8 g/cm.sup.3 and 3.5 g/cm.sup.3. Cleaning particles emerge from the high-pressure jet nozzle having a minimum kinetic energy of 1.Math.10.sup.−10 J and a maximum kinetic energy of 2.Math.10.sup.−4 J.

A high-pressure cleaning device, a cleaning dispersion, and a combination of a high-pressure cleaning device with a surface to be cleaned. The cleaning device cleans surfaces soiled by fine particles, particularly motor vehicle surfaces, and includes a high-pressure pump for delivering a cleaning product to a high-pressure jet nozzle. The cleaning product emerges in a high-pressure jet. The cleaning product includes a cleaning dispersion with a carrier fluid and solid cleaning particles having a density of between 0.8 g/cm.sup.3 and 3.5 g/cm.sup.3. Cleaning particles emerge from the high-pressure jet nozzle having a minimum kinetic energy of 1.Math.10.sup.−10 J and a maximum kinetic energy of 2.Math.10.sup.−4 J.

A system and method for abrasive solvent jet cutting including generating, with a high-pressure pump, a jet of rapidly moving liquid comprising a retrograde soluble solute dissolved in solvent; directing the jet of rapidly moving liquid through an orifice to cut a target, such that the retrograde soluble solute is configured to precipitate out of the rapidly moving liquid after transitioning through the orifice. An apparatus for abrasive solvent jet cutting including a storage vessel configured to store a retrograde soluble solute; a high-pressure solvent compartment; and a mixing tube configured to eject a jet of rapidly moving liquid through an orifice, the liquid comprising solvent from the compartment and the retrograde soluble solute from the vessel, such that the retrograde soluble solute is configured to precipitate out of the rapidly moving liquid after ejecting from the orifice.

A system and method for abrasive solvent jet cutting including generating, with a high-pressure pump, a jet of rapidly moving liquid comprising a retrograde soluble solute dissolved in solvent; directing the jet of rapidly moving liquid through an orifice to cut a target, such that the retrograde soluble solute is configured to precipitate out of the rapidly moving liquid after transitioning through the orifice. An apparatus for abrasive solvent jet cutting including a storage vessel configured to store a retrograde soluble solute; a high-pressure solvent compartment; and a mixing tube configured to eject a jet of rapidly moving liquid through an orifice, the liquid comprising solvent from the compartment and the retrograde soluble solute from the vessel, such that the retrograde soluble solute is configured to precipitate out of the rapidly moving liquid after ejecting from the orifice.

A biocompatible metal implant is provided with a treated surface subject to abrasive mechanical treatment, acid treatment, and sodium treatment, where the biocampatible metal implant treated surface has a macroporosity in the form of cells having dimensions of the order of 50 μm to 250 μm, the cells having pores of from 1 μm to 50 μm, and pores with a size of less than a micrometer, homogeneously over the whole of the treated surface, the treated surface having a surface roughness Ra of greater than or equal to 1.90 μm.

A method for the surface treatment of workpieces by means of abrasive media, and a surface treatment composition. The method comprises the steps of providing a treatment tool, providing an abrasive medium, supplying a workpiece having a surface to be treated, surface treating the workpiece, involving removal of material and producing waste products, and processing the waste products, wherein at least one of said steps comprises adding an additive to lower a self-ignition tendency on the part of the waste products, the additive comprising a salt, composed of a carbonate and/or of a halogen anion.