The present invention improves surface roughness by knocking down protruding parts while leaving recessed parts in the surface of a metal product, protrusions/recesses having been formed in said surface via blasting, and improves surface hardness and compressive residual stress. Treatment is performed upon a metal product in which protrusions/recesses have been formed in the surface thereof via blasting. Spherical shot that are less hard than the surface hardness of the metal product and have a particle size that is greater than the width of recessed parts of the protrusions/recesses are sprayed toward and collide against the surface of the metal product as crushing shot, and the protruding parts of the protrusions/recesses formed on the surface of the metal product are selectively knocked down, thereby providing a metal product surface member in which the surface roughness of the metal product has been improved.

Examples are disclosed that relate to opening lithium-ion batteries in an end-of-life process using a fluid cutting apparatus. One example provides a method of opening a battery in an end-of-life process where the battery comprises a plurality of electrode layers. The method comprises placing the battery in a fluid cutting apparatus, and forming a stream of a cutting fluid. The method further comprises impinging the stream of the cutting fluid onto the battery at a sufficient pressure to form a cut entirely through all layers of the battery, wherein the cutting fluid forms a passivating layer at an interface formed by the cut by reacting with one or more electrode materials within the battery.

Examples are disclosed that relate to opening lithium-ion batteries in an end-of-life process using a fluid cutting apparatus. One example provides a method of opening a battery in an end-of-life process where the battery comprises a plurality of electrode layers. The method comprises placing the battery in a fluid cutting apparatus, and forming a stream of a cutting fluid. The method further comprises impinging the stream of the cutting fluid onto the battery at a sufficient pressure to form a cut entirely through all layers of the battery, wherein the cutting fluid forms a passivating layer at an interface formed by the cut by reacting with one or more electrode materials within the battery.

The invention provides a production method for stabilizers which produces with high productivity in a compact production line, without tempering. The production method for stabilizers of the invention includes: forming a steel bar material containing at least C: 0.15 wt % to 0.39 wt %, Mn, B and Fe into a product shape by bending; and quenching the bent steel bar material in a medium having a heat transfer coefficient higher than or close to that of water.

A fluid end having a longitudinal bore less than about 36 inches in diameter has an internal surface that is cold-worked to have compressive stresses of at least 15 ksi (103.42 MPa) beneath the metal surface up to about 40 mils (1.016 mm).

Provided is a surface treatment method for dental zirconia, which includes sandblasting the surfaces of three types of dental zirconia (3Y-TZP, 4Y-PSZ and 5Y-PSZ) with alumina particles, and when sandblasting conditions are optimized for each type of zirconia, the microstructure destruction of a subsurface layer may be minimized and compressive stress may be reinforced by a phase change, thereby improving mechanical properties, and the penetration of resin cement through microcracks inhibits crack propagation and thus is advantageous in increasing bonding efficiency of dental zirconia. In addition, a dental article including dental zirconia made by the surface treatment method for zirconia, and clinically suitable sandblasting protocols are provided.

Provided is a surface treatment method for dental zirconia, which includes sandblasting the surfaces of three types of dental zirconia (3Y-TZP, 4Y-PSZ and 5Y-PSZ) with alumina particles, and when sandblasting conditions are optimized for each type of zirconia, the microstructure destruction of a subsurface layer may be minimized and compressive stress may be reinforced by a phase change, thereby improving mechanical properties, and the penetration of resin cement through microcracks inhibits crack propagation and thus is advantageous in increasing bonding efficiency of dental zirconia. In addition, a dental article including dental zirconia made by the surface treatment method for zirconia, and clinically suitable sandblasting protocols are provided.

The present invention is directed to a particle having a chemical conversion coating on at least a portion of the particle surface. The present invention is further directed to a coated substrate comprising: (a) a surface that has been contacted with a particle having a chemical conversion coating on at least a portion of the particle surface such that at least some portion of the substrate becomes treated with the conversion coating.

The present invention is directed to a coated substrate comprising: (a) a surface that has been impacted with an abrasive particle and a dopant such that at least some portion of the surface becomes attached with the dopant; and (b) a film-forming layer on at least a portion of the impacted surface, wherein the film-forming layer has been deposited from a film-forming composition; wherein the surface is impacted substantially simultaneously with the abrasive particle and the dopant; and wherein when the dopant comprises iron phosphate, zinc phosphate, manganese phosphate, cerium oxide, the film-forming composition is not a two-component epoxy clear coat.

The present invention is directed to a coated substrate comprising: (a) a surface that has been impacted with an abrasive particle and a dopant such that at least some portion of the surface becomes attached with the dopant; and (b) a film-forming layer on at least a portion of the impacted surface, wherein the film-forming layer has been deposited from a film-forming composition; wherein the surface is impacted substantially simultaneously with the abrasive particle and the dopant; and wherein when the dopant comprises iron phosphate, zinc phosphate, manganese phosphate, cerium oxide, the film-forming composition is not a two-component epoxy clear coat.