The present invention provides an organic electroluminescent element which comprises: an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer interposed between the anode and the cathodes, wherein the organic layer comprises one or more types of layer from the group consisting of a hole-injection layer, hole-transport layer, light-emitting layer, lifetime enhancement layer, electron-transport layer, and electron-injection layer.

A thermally activated, sensitized phosphorescence organic electroluminescence device includes a luminescent layer formed of a host material consisting of two materials, one being a hole transport material, and the other an electron transport material, at least one which is a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material. The host material is doped by a phosphorescent dye. The triplet state energy level of the CT excited state of the fluorescence material is higher than the triplet state energy level of the n-π excited state by 0 to 0.3 or the triplet state energy level of the CT excited state of the fluorescence material is higher than the triplet state energy level of the n-π excited state, wherein the difference is above 1.0 eV, and, a difference between the second triplet state energy level of its n-π excited state and the first singlet state energy level of its CT excited state is −0.1 to 0.1 eV.

The present disclosure relates to an organic light-emitting diode having a low driving voltage and long lifespan and more particularly, to an organic light-emitting diode, comprising a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and a light-emitting layer interposed therebetween, wherein the light-emitting layer contains at least one of the amine compounds represented by the following Chemical Formula A or Chemical Formula B, plus the compound represented by Chemical Formula D. The structures of Chemical Formulas A, B, and D are the same as in the specification.

The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. By comprising the organic electroluminescent compound of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide an organic electroluminescent device having low driving voltage and/or improved lifespan properties.

A flexible display apparatus includes a flexible display panel including a flexible substrate, a display area of the flexible substrate including a thin film transistor, an organic light emitting layer and a sensor electrode, and a peripheral area of the flexible substrate including a first alignment mark in which respective portions of two metal layers are stacked; a window on a first surface of the flexible display panel; and a protective film on a second surface of the flexible display panel. The first alignment mark is aligned with a reference point of the window and with a reference point of the protective film.

The present invention relates to a polymer, an organic solar cell comprising the polymer, and a perovskite solar cell comprising the polymer. The polymer according to the present invention has excellent absorption ability for visible light and an energy level suitable for the use as an electron donor compound in a photo-active layer of the organic solar cell, thereby increasing the light conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell. In addition, the polymer according to the present invention has high hole mobility, and is used as a compound for a hole transport layer, and thus can improve efficiency and service life of the perovskite solar cell without an additive.

High density films of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes having a high degree of nanotube alignment are provided. Also provided are methods of making the films and field effect transistors (FETs) that incorporate the films as conducting channel materials. The single-walled carbon nanotubes are deposited from a thin layer of organic solvent containing solubilized single-walled carbon nanotubes that is spread over the surface of an aqueous medium, inducing evaporative self-assembly upon contacting a solid substrate.

The present invention describes compounds having an acceptor group and a donor group, especially for use in electronic devices. The invention further relates to a process for preparing the compounds of the invention and to electronic devices comprising these.

The present disclosure relates to an OLED display panel. With the OLED display panel, a higher luminous efficiency is achieved by selecting a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material for doping into an organic light emitting layer and applying a compound having a specific energy level to match, thereby the luminous efficiency of an organic photo electronic device is improved.

A novel compound is disclosed which includes a ligand L.sub.A of Formula II, ##STR00001##
wherein: ring B is independently a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; X.sup.1 to X.sup.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, and CR; at least one pair of adjacent X.sup.1 to X.sup.4 are each C and fused to Formula V ##STR00002##
where indicated by “”; X.sup.5 to X.sup.12 are each independently C or N; the maximum number of N within a ring is two; Z and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, NR′, CR′R″, SiR′R″, and GeR′R″; R.sup.B and R.sup.C each independently represents zero, mono, or up to a maximum allowed substitutions to its associated ring; each of R.sup.B, R.sup.C, R, R′, and R″ is independently hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carboxylic acid, ether, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, boryl, and combinations thereof; and two substituents can be joined or fused to form a ring; the ligand L.sub.A is complexed to a metal M through the two indicated dash lines of each Formula; and the ligand L.sub.A can be joined with other ligands to form a tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate, or hexadentate ligand.