An integrated LED structure and a method of adjusting the emission spectrum of an integrated LED structure, for photobiological process is disclosed. The structure comprises a substrate; a plurality of optically isolated and electrically non-independent light emission areas integrated on the substrate; a light emitting semiconductor source of a first type mounted in the emission area(s); a light emitting semiconductor source of a second type mounted in the emission area(s); an electrical circuit layer for connecting the light emitting semiconductor sources in serial fashion for each emission area; and wavelength conversion materials. The emission areas are controlled with a common electrical drive current, and the emission output can be tuned by adjusting the common current value, to enable use of one luminaire for a large variety of biomass growing applications.

A light emitting diode (LED) tube lamp includes a lamp tube; a first pin and a second pin coupled to a first end of the lamp tube, and a third pin coupled to a second end of the lamp tube; a first rectifying circuit comprising diodes and connected to the first and second pins, and a second rectifying circuit comprising diodes and connected to the third pin and an output terminal of the first rectifying circuit; a filtering circuit coupled to the two rectifying circuits and the LED module, for filtering the rectified signal to produce a filtered signal; an LED module comprising LEDs for emitting light, the LED module configured to be driven by the rectified signal or the filtered signal; and a driving circuit coupled between the two rectifying circuits and the LED module, and configured to drive the LED module. The LED tube lamp is configured to receive the external driving signal and emit light in each of two power supply arrangements, the two arrangements being respectively that the external driving signal is a low frequency signal input and transmitted through the first and second pins, and that the external driving signal is a low frequency signal input and transmitted through one of the first and second pins and the third pin across the two ends of the lamp tube. The LED tube lamp is configured such that when the received external driving signal is a low frequency signal, the LED tube lamp causes the rectified signal or the filtered signal to be used by the driving circuit for driving the LED module to emit light.

A socket (16) is designed to receive a plug of a pluggable device (14). The socket has a detection arrangement (42) for detecting connection of a plug to the socket. A new session identifier is generated each time a plug is connected to the socket and it remains valid while the plug remains attached. The session identifier is preferably generated mechanically (48) so that it can be generated without power to the socket or to the plug. This enables detection of system tampering of a system using the sockets.

The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for controlling an illumination device, such as a light bulb, LED light, or the like. In one embodiment, a lighting control adapter is described, comprising a male base for physically attaching the lighting control adapter to a light fixture and for receiving power from the light fixture via a light switch connected to the light fixture, a female socket for receiving a base of an illumination device, a switching circuit for providing switchable power to the illumination device, and a processing circuit coupled to the switching circuit, for detecting one or more power toggles of the power received by the male base, and for controlling illumination of the illumination device based on the detection of one or more detected toggles.

An improved lighting apparatus is disclosed. The lighting apparatus includes a direct current power supply unit, a light emitting unit operating in response to a direct current voltage applied from the direct current power supply unit, and a voltage control unit located between the direct current power supply unit and the light emitting unit to control the level of a voltage applied from the direct current power supply unit to the light emitting unit. The light emitting unit includes first light emitting groups having a first correlated color temperature and being turned on at a first turn-on voltage (V.sub.B) or above and second light emitting groups having a second correlated color temperature and being turned on at a second turn-on voltage (V.sub.A) greater than the first turn-on voltage. The first light emitting groups are connected in parallel with the second light emitting groups. The voltage control unit includes at least one variable resistor to control the level of the voltage applied to the light emitting unit such that the second light emitting groups emit light or are prevented from emitting light, achieving a desired correlated color temperature according to a preset proportion.

A method for providing power over Ethernet emergency lighting is disclosed. The method includes detecting a loss of power over a POE link segment connected to a lighting fixture, and in response to the detection of a loss of power over the POE link segment, causing a relaying device to connect a lamp of the fixture to a backup battery.

A system and method for automating lighting fixtures is provided. The system comprises a gateway adapted to control lighting fixtures. The gateway allows creating, updating, storing and/or deleting lighting programs in real time. The gateway comprises a data source, a control manager and a Digital Multiplexing (DMX) runtime. The DMX runtime is configured to receive a request from the control manager, process the request and to generate signals on at least one DMX channel for control of DMX compatible lighting fixtures. The method comprises receiving request to modify at least one parameter of at least one of a plurality of lighting fixtures; processing the request; comparing the request with the data in a database; and generating each DMX signal over at least one channel at a DMX frequency.

An LED driver includes a controller configured to detect toggles of a switch that controls whether electrical power is provided to the LED driver. The controller is further configured to determine whether a toggle sequence of the switch matches an operation mode sequence. The toggle sequence of the switch includes a sequence of one or more toggles of the toggles of the switch that the controller detects. The controller is also configured to change a setting of the LED driver based on whether the toggle sequence of the switch matches the operation mode sequence.

A light bulb adapter is disclosed. The light bulb adapter has a main housing configured to house electronic circuits for wirelessly receiving controlling commands via WiFi from a user through the use of a software application installed in a mobile device. In operation, the user unplug a light bulb from an existing lighting fixture and plugs the light bulb plug of the light bulb adapter into the lighting fixture. A light bulb is inserted to the light bulb receptacle of the light bulb adapter. The user can connect a mobile device to the light bulb adapter over a wireless local area network via an accessory protocol and control the light bulb adapter, and subsequently the light bulb connected to it, using the accessory protocol.

A power supply module is applicable to an LED tube lamp adapted to install on a lamp socket, and having an electric shock protection function, the LED tube lamp including a lamp tube, two end caps, each having a first external connection terminal, and each coupled to a respective end of the lamp tube, the first connection terminals of the two end caps for receiving an external signal, and an LED module configured for emitting light. The power supply module includes: a rectifying circuit, coupled to the first external connection terminals of the end caps and the LED module, for rectifying a received signal to produce a rectified signal; a filtering circuit, coupled to the rectifying circuit and the LED module, for filtering the rectified signal to produce a filtered signal; a transistor configured to be switched according to a control signal; an electric shock protection controller for detecting whether an electric shock risk has occurred, and configured to cause a current to be conducted in the detection path for generating the detection result.