The present invention is related with the obtaining process and use of branched germinal zwitterionic liquids based on either bis-N,N-dialkyl-N-polyether-betaine or bis-N,N-dialkenyl-N-polyether-betaine or bis-N,N-dicycloalkyl-N-polyether-betaine or bis-N,N-diaryl-N-polyether-betaine, to be applied as modifiers of the wettability of rocks such as limestone, dolomite, sandstone, quartz or heteregenous lithologies, under the presence of brines having high content of divalent ions such as calcium, magnesium, barium or strontium, under high temperature and high pressure within enhanced oil recovery processes in order to increase the oil production.

The branched germinal zwitterionic liquids of the present invention have moreover the property to act as viscosity reducers of heavy oils having high content of polar fractions, both for extraction and production, and transport and storage operations, so allowing increase the production level of this oil type. An additional advantage shown by the zwitterionic liquids, derived from their molecular structure, is that they can be handed in such a manner that can be dissolved by water, hydrocarbon or other polar and non-polar solvents.

A surfactant of formula (I):

A-(L.sub.1).sub.a-(C.sub.2).sub.b-(L.sub.2).sub.c-X (I)

wherein

A is a perfluoropolyether;

L.sub.1 is CONR', wherein R is selected from H and C.sub.1-6 alkyl;

a is 0 or 1;

b is 0 or an integer between 1 and 10;

L.sub.2 is a linking group;

c is 0 or 1; and

X is a charged group.

A quaternized alkoxylated polyethylene amine can be used in a variety of industries, including the oil and gas servicing industry, as a laundry detergent, the personal care industry, as an industrial cleaner, paint, or coating, and mining operations industry. A treatment fluid comprises: a base fluid; and the surfactant. A method of treating a subterranean formation comprises introducing the treatment fluid into a well, wherein the well penetrates the subterranean formation.

The invention relates to a composition comprising a fluorine-containing surfactant having a cationic group, a divalent sulfur-containing group and a fluorinated group, further comprising an anion that corresponds to the cationic group of the fluorine-containing surfactant, the cationic group being an N-alkylated heterocyclic group.

Disclosed herein are purified surfactant formulations including purified short-chain fluorosurfactant and iodide additive and a two-part coating kit having the same and a silver nanowire formulation.

A surfactant composition is disclosed comprising branched alkyl sulfate having 8 to 12 carbon atoms; optionally a linear alkyl sulfate having 8 to 12 carbon atoms; and optionally an alkyl ether sulfate having 8 to 13 carbon atoms. A gypsum slurry or gypsum board core is disclosed comprising gypsum, water, and a surfactant composition as described above. The foam voids in the core have a greater median diameter than foam voids made with corresponding linear alkyl sulfate. A method of controlling the median foam void diameter in a gypsum board is disclosed. A first foam water composition is provided comprising a linear alkyl sulfate surfactant. A second foam water composition is also provided comprising a branched alkyl sulfate surfactant. The proportions of the first and second foam water compositions employed in a gypsum composition are selected, or if desired changed, to provide the desired median foam void diameter.

Aramids and nanostructures formed from the aramids are described.

The present invention provides a method of producing an aqueous solution containing an NC.sub.8-22 acyl acidic amino acid and/or a salt thereof and having pH 8.4-9.5, including the first step for reacting an acidic amino acid and/or a salt thereof with a C.sub.8-22 fatty acid chloride in a water solvent at pH 10-13 to form an NC.sub.8-22 acyl acidic amino acid salt, and the second step for adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution after the first step to 8.4-9.5.

Disclosed are a pH-responsive amphoteric surfactant N-lauryl-(-alkyl)--aminopropionic acid and a preparation method and uses thereof. An alkylamine and a solvent are added to a three-necked flask, stirred for complete dissolution, slowly dropwise added with methyl -alkyl-acrylate and reacted at room temperature after the ice-water bath is removed. The reaction mixture is refluxed in water bath and evaporated under rotation to remove the solvent and the residual methyl -alkyl-acrylate to give N-lauryl-(-alkyl)--aminopropionic acid. Then N-lauryl-(-alkyl)--aminopropionic acid and water are added to a three-necked flask, slowly dropwise added with a sodium hydroxide solution and reacted in water bath to give a crude product, which is filtered and dried to give a purified surfactant sodium N-lauryl-(-alkyl)--aminopropionate. This surfactant is suitable for the foamed acid system and its performance can be switched by adjusting pH due to pH sensitivity.

The invention relates to aqueous polymer dispersions comprising at least one polymer obtainable by the reaction of at least one monomer M1 of the general formula (I): H.sub.2CCHC(O)OR, wherein R is an unbranched alkyl chain comprising from 18 to 22 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one monomer M2. The invention relates moreover to a method for the preparing of such aqueous polymer dispersion and the use thereof as pour point depressant for crude oil, petroleum, and petroleum products.