The present invention relates to dispersants based on polyamines or polyimines containing side chains based on two or more poly(oxy-C.sub.1-6-alkylenecarbonyl) compounds (A) and side chains based on alkyl acid (B).

The present invention relates to a method for preparing an aqueous or hydro-alcoholic colloidal solution of metal chalcogenide amorphous nanoparticles notably of the Cu.sub.2ZnSnS.sub.4 (CZTS) type and to the obtained colloidal solution. The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a film of large-grain crystallized semi-conducting metal chalcogenide film notably of CZTS obtained from an aqueous or hydro-alcoholic colloidal solution according to the invention, said film being useful as an absorption layer deposited on a substrate applied in a solid photovoltaic device.

A functional fluid useful as an emulsion in a cleaning product or a personal care product is the esterification reaction product of a) a triglyceride or a fatty acid or a methyl ester of a fatty acid, and b) an alcohol which comprises b1) a polyglycerol having at least 3 glycerol units (preferably polyglycerol-4), and b2) glycerol and/or diglycerol. The functional fluid is effective as a stabilizer and as an emulsifier for o/w and w/o emulsions. When a triglyceride is used as a reactant, glycerol and fatty acids are generated in situ by an interesterification reaction. Preferred functional fluids provide the significant benefit that they may be mixed into an oil phase and in a water phase before such phases are mixed together, and that such processing may be carried out at ambient temperature.

An azeotropic-like composition containing 2-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene is provided. The azeotropic-like composition according to the present invention is non-flammable, has little influence on the environment, and has substantially the same composition ratio in the liquid phase and the gas phase. By use of an azeotropic-like composition according to the present invention, a washing detergent, a solvent, a silicone solvent, a foaming agent, a coolant, a heating medium for a heat pump, and a high temperature working fluid that are non-flammable, have little influence on the environment, and have substantially the same composition ratio in a liquid phase and a gas phase thereof may be provided.

The invention relates especially to a composition in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion comprising an inner fatty phase and an outer aqueous phase and containing: a) at least 0.01% by weight and preferably at least 0.05% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least one inulin modified with hydrophobic chains, and b) at least 0.05% by weight and preferably at least 0.1% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least one thickening polysaccharide of plant origin, the said composition being free of silicones. The invention also relates to a cosmetic process using the said composition.

A composition comprising particulate solid, an organic medium and a dispersant comprising a polyacrylic copolymer functionalized with a polyether and reacted with an aminic polybasic species.

Provided is a composition comprising one or more compound having the structure of formula II: ##STR00001##
wherein A is a residue of a polyisocyanate, L is a linking group formed by a reaction of an isocyanate group with an isocyanate-reactive group, n is 5 to 25, m is 0 to 100, and Z is methyl or ethyl or propyl, and
wherein the ratio of the sum of the moles of isocyanate groups plus the moles of said L groups to the moles of said Z groups is 2:1 to 30:1. Also provided is an emulsion in which the particles comprise such a composition and further comprise one or more water-insoluble compound that does not have the structure A-NCO.

Quaternary ammonium, betaine, or sulfobetaine compositions derived from fatty amines, wherein the fatty amine is made by reducing the amide reaction product of a metathesis-derived C.sub.10-C.sub.17 monounsaturated acid, octadecene-1,18-dioic acid, or their ester derivatives and a secondary amine, are disclosed. Quaternary ammonium, betaine, or sulfobetaine compositions derived from fatty amidoamines, wherein the amidoamine is made by reacting of a metathesis-derived C.sub.10-C.sub.17 monounsaturated acid, octadecene-1,18-dioic acid, or their ester derivatives and an aminoalkyl-substituted tertiary amine, are also disclosed. The quaternized compositions are advantageously sulfonated or sulfitated. In one aspect, the ester derivative of the C.sub.10-C.sub.17 monounsaturated acid or octadecene-1,18-dioic acid is a lower alkyl ester. In other aspects, the ester derivative is a modified triglyceride made by self-metathesis of a natural oil or an unsaturated triglyceride made by cross-metathesis of a natural oil with an olefin. The quaternary ammonium, betaine, and sulfobetaine compositions and their sulfonated or sulfitated derivatives are valuable for a wide variety of end uses, including cleaners, fabric treatment, hair conditioning, personal care (liquid cleansing products, conditioning bars, oral care products), antimicrobial compositions, agricultural uses, and oil field applications.

Aqueous pigment dispersions having monomers in the polymeric dispersant capable of interacting with cellulose are described. These monomers include the ones having a structure of Formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein W is O or NH; R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl; and R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently H or C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising HFO-1234yf, or trans-HFO-1234ze, or a mixture thereof; HFC-32; and HFC-152a, HFO-1243zf, or a mixture thereof, wherein said composition is selected from the group consisting of: (I) a first composition, wherein said HFO-1234yf or trans-HFO-1234ze or a mixture thereof is at least 56 weight percent of said first composition; (II) a second composition, wherein said HFC-32 is at most 29 weight percent of said second composition; (III) a third composition, wherein said HFC-152a is at least 56 weight percent said third composition; (IV) a fourth composition, wherein said HFC-32 is at least 56 weight percent of said fourth composition; (V) a fifth composition comprising trans-HFO-1234ze, HFC-32, and HFC-152a, HFO-1243zf, or a mixture thereof; and (VI) a sixth composition, wherein said HFO-1243zf or mixture thereof with HFC-152a is at most 20 weight percent of said sixth composition.