Increased control and efficiency over the wastewater purification can be achieved through creating conditions that allow the operator to selectively prioritize the digestive function of microorganism in the activated sludge. The gas-dispersion return sludge is created using pure oxygen or oxygen containing trace amounts of ozone as a reactive gas, which is blended with return sludge to create a mixture of gas and liquid, which is passed through an atomizer or a cavitation pump to instantly render the reactive gas to an ultra-fine bubble state. At least a portion of the ultra-fine bubbles dissolve within the gas-dispersion return sludge, activating the dormant microorganisms. Due to a complete or an almost complete absence of biodegradable material in the gas-dispersion return sludge, the microorganism prioritize their digestive function, and when exposed to biodegradable pollutants present in wastewater, digest the pollutants using biochemical pathways different from the ones used in nature.

A wrap-around hand rail and grating has a walkway grating coupled with and suspended upon a float assembly frame and float combination that is also suspending a liquid aeration apparatus used to treat a liquid. The grating defines a lightweight, strong, splash resistant horizontal platform that attaches readily to the upper portion of the float assembly frame with either fixed or readily removable fasteners such as pins. A railing attaches to the splash resistant platform using a coupler that sandwiches the grating, thereby transmitting extreme forces through the larger grating. A moveable bridge grating and moveable or flaccid rails are placed in regions of the platform that need to be removed or repositioned, for example to provide access to the aeration apparatus or to allow a person to enter or exit the platform. Both the railing and splash resistant platform are readily adapted to various aeration unit and float combinations.

The mixing nozzle has a throat section, a diffuser section, a gas nozzle section, a first liquid suction port, a liquid nozzle section, a second liquid suction port, a baffle plate, and a jetting port. The first liquid suction port liquidly absorbs the solution in the water storage pool from a side of the gas nozzle section toward the gas nozzle tip. The liquid nozzle section extends to the downstream side of the gas nozzle section with intervening the first liquid suction port. The second liquid suction port liquidly absorbs the solution in the water storage pool from a side of the liquid nozzle section toward the liquid nozzle tip. The baffle plate is provided such that the mixed flow mixed in the diffuser section collides in front of a downstream end of the diffuser section, and divides and reverses the mixed flow.

A powder supply method for causing a powder supplied from a top end 70t of a tube 70 to flow down within the tube 70 and be discharged from a bottom end 70b of the tube, in which if M [kg/s] is a supply flow rate of the powder and A.sub.S [m.sup.2] is a cross-sectional area of the bottom end 70b of the tube 70, the following expression is satisfied.
1.5(M/A.sub.S)135

A modular versatile physicochemical water treatment system and method are provided for treating various water types. The system features an acceleration chamber module combining a static mixer for hydrodynamic cavitation, an ultrasonic transducer assembly (25-40 kHz) for acoustic cavitation, permanent magnets for a static magnetic field, and a magnetic field generating coil for variable multipole magnetic fields, including square and/or triangular waveforms, controlled by a central control unit. Optional modules include a chemical dosing module (Fe.sup.3+/H.sub.2O.sub.2 or O.sub.3/H.sub.2O.sub.2) and an electrolysis module with automatic polarity reversal. The method involves selectively and coordinately applying these effects, tailored to the water type, to achieve optimal treatment efficiency.

An example microfluidic mixer can include an inlet microfluidic channel portion and a fluid splitting channel portion including an overpass microfluidic channel to receive fluid from a first side of the inlet microfluidic channel portion and an underpass microfluidic channel to receive fluid from a second side of the inlet microfluidic channel portion, where the underpass microfluidic channel extends under the overpass microfluidic channel such that the channels overlap at their respective downstream ends. A fluid recombining channel portion is downstream of the fluid splitting portion and includes an angled recombining surface having an acute angle with respect to a direction of fluid flow, where the angled recombining surface is between the downstream ends of the overpass and underpass microfluidic channels. An outlet microfluidic channel portion is fluidly connected downstream from the fluid recombining channel portion.

This invention is a portable fountain which pumps the hypolimnion to spray above the surface in a stratified body of water fountain resulting in aeration and heat transfer by accessing sub-thermocline depths. There are prior art fountains which circulates a stratified body of water, however these are permanent installations often connected to a commercial power grid. Other, portable-type fountains are not designed to access sub-thermocline depths and do not adequately circulate the hypolimnion. Thus a need exists for a portable fountain which circulates and aerates a stratified body of water for use in areas which lack a permanent fountain system. Applications of this invention involve aeration, temperature fluctuation to cool the surface during summer, and temperature fluctuation to warm the surface during winter. Benefits of this device include comfort for swimmers in hot weather, prevention of ice formation in the winter, and overall environmental improvement due to aeration.

An aftertreatment system includes an introduction conduit and a mixer disposed within the introduction conduit. The introduction conduit is centered on a mixer body center axis. The mixer includes a mixer body, an exhaust sampling flange, an outlet flange, and an outlet tube. The exhaust sampling flange is coupled to the mixer body at a location adjacent to a second end of the mixer body. The exhaust sampling flange includes exhaust sampling flange apertures arranged in an array that extends circumferentially around the mixer body center axis. The outlet flange is coupled to the second end downstream of the exhaust sampling flange. The outlet flange includes an outlet flange aperture. The outlet tube is coupled to the outlet flange. The outlet tube is in fluid communication with at least one of the exhaust sampling flange apertures. The outlet tube extends over a portion of the outlet flange aperture.

The present disclosure relates a water softening devices, and provides a method for adjusting hardness of outflow water from a water softening device, including: determining, in response to a hardness adjustment request for the outflow water, target hardness of outflow water corresponding to the hardness adjustment request for the outflow water; determining a water mixing ratio of soft water to raw water based on the target hardness of outflow water; and adjusting an opening degree of a water mixing unit of the water softening device based on the water mixing ratio, where the water mixing unit is configured to control the mixing of raw water and soft water in the water softening device.

Provided is a slurry treatment apparatus includes: a treatment tank for performing any treatment of a solid-liquid reaction, a solid-gas reaction, a gas-liquid reaction, and solid-liquid separation on a slurry containing a metal or a metal compound; a first pipe; a second pipe; and a pump, in which one end of the first pipe has a suction opening for sucking the slurry from the treatment tank, the other end of the first pipe is connected to a suction port of the pump, one end of the second pipe is linked to a discharge port of the pump, the other end of the second pipe is connected to a microbubble generator, and the microbubble generator includes a throttle that throttles a flow of the slurry and a gas supply tube for supplying gas to the throttle, and supplies microbubbles to the slurry in the treatment tank.