A tool for exterminating subterranean burrowing animals, such as moles and voles, said tool includes a half inch thick square steel base plate that is about is about 4.5 inches by 4.5 inches, and a steel handle that is about 44-48 inches long is perpendicularly welded to a top central surface of the base plate. The handle has a grip covering an upper end of the handle and extends down the handle at least 12 inches. The ratio of handle length to base surface area is about 2.17 to 2:37. The invented tool weighs 9.5 plus/minus 0.5 lbs.

Methods for fumigating soil include applying over fumigant-treated soil a multilayer polymeric film to form a vapor barrier between the fumigant-treated soil and the atmosphere to at least partially contain the fumigant. The multilayer film includes at least one barrier layer comprising at least one vinylidene chloride polymer and protecting layers on each side of the barrier layer. The multilayer film preferably has at least one UV protecting layer and optionally at least one reflective layer.

Apparatuses and techniques for subterranean placement or positioning of one or more items are provided. In one aspect, an apparatus is configured to form a hole in the ground and subsequently provide a pathway for positioning one or more items in the hole. In one form, the items that may subterraneously placed or positioned using the apparatus may include agricultural products such as seeds or delivery vehicles that include one or more fertilizers or pesticides or combinations of these materials.

Apparatuses and techniques for subterranean placement or positioning of one or more items are provided. In one aspect, an apparatus is configured to form a hole in the ground and subsequently provide a pathway for positioning one or more items in the hole. In one form, the items that may subterraneously placed or positioned using the apparatus may include agricultural products such as seeds or delivery vehicles that include one or more fertilizers or pesticides or combinations of these materials.

A lawn treatment apparatus, system and method employs a scanning apparatus to detect the presence of an area to be selectively treated with an herbicide, pesticide or fungicide. The apparatus includes a multicompartmental cartridge that holds different chemicals and selectively applies the chemicals to the area of the lawn requiring treatment.

A lawn treatment apparatus, system and method employs a scanning apparatus to detect the presence of an area to be selectively treated with an herbicide, pesticide or fungicide. The apparatus includes a multicompartmental cartridge that holds different chemicals and selectively applies the chemicals to the area of the lawn requiring treatment.

A termite control bait container includes an upper end portion opposite a lower end portion. The bait container includes a chamber containing a termite bait. The lower end portion includes an air-trapping pocket below at least a portion of the bait to reduce intrusion of water through the lower end portion when installed in a selected orientation at least partially below ground.

A termite control bait container includes an upper end portion opposite a lower end portion. The bait container includes a chamber containing a termite bait. The lower end portion includes an air-trapping pocket below at least a portion of the bait to reduce intrusion of water through the lower end portion when installed in a selected orientation at least partially below ground.

A method for the management of a soil pest or pathogen is disclosed and which includes a source of high voltage electricity; at least one capacitor for storing the high voltage electricity; a multiplicity of electrodes inserted into a soil location having a soil pest and/or pathogen to be managed; and an electrical switch which is controllably opened and closes so as to form a pulse of electricity which is passed through the soil location and between the electrodes so as to effect the management of the soil pest and/or pathogen

Presence of natural enemies has a considerable impact on pest severity in a given geo-location. However, manually estimating pest severity or population of natural enemies is cumbersome, inaccurate and not scalable. Systems and methods of the present disclosure enable estimating effective pest severity index by receiving a first set of inputs pertaining to weather associated with a geo-location under consideration; receiving a second set of inputs pertaining to agronomic information; generating a pest forecasting model and a natural enemies forecasting model based on the received first set and the second set of inputs for each pest; and estimating the effective pest severity index based on the generated models. The timing and quantity of pesticide application can be optimized based on the estimated pest severity index. The generated models can be further enhanced continually based on one or more of historical data, participatory sensing inputs, crowdsourcing inputs and management practices.