A three-dimensional molding producing apparatus (100) includes: a three-dimensional molding forming device (130) that forms a three-dimensional molding (300) by a powder lamination method by using a molding material (200) obtained by mixing a urethane resin powder with a gypsum powder and; and a urethane resin impregnating device (150) that impregnates a urethane resin into the three-dimensional molding (300). The three-dimensional molding producing apparatus (100) further includes: an aqueous medium dipping device (170) for immersing the three-dimensional molding (300) in an aqueous medium after impregnation of the urethane resin by the urethane resin impregnating device (150) is completed. This makes it possible to form a high-strength three-dimensional molding in forming a three-dimensional molding by the powder lamination method. Furthermore, it is also possible to form a soft three-dimensional molding.

A piston for a heavy duty diesel engine including a composite layer forming at least a portion of a combustion surface is provided. The composite layer has a thickness greater than 500 microns and includes a mixture of components typically used to form brake pads, such as a thermoset resin, an insulating component, strengthening fibers, and an impact toughening additive. According to one example, the thermoset resin is a phenolic resin, the insulating component is a ceramic, the strengthening fibers are graphite, and the impact toughening additive is an aramid pulp of fibrillated chopped synthetic fibers. The composite layer also has a thermal conductivity of 0.8 to 5 W/m.Math.K. The body portion of the piston can include an undercut scroll thread to improve mechanical locking of the composite layer. The piston can also include a ceramic insert between the body portion and the composite layer.