The invention provides a method for producing a 3D item (1) by means of fused deposition modelling, the method comprising a 3D printing stage comprising layer- wise depositing an extrudate (321) comprising 3D printable material (201), to provide the 3D item (1) comprising 3D printed material (202), wherein the 3D item (1) comprises layers (322) of 3D printed material (202), wherein the method further comprises controlling a first temperature T.sub.1 of the 3D printable material (201) within a first temperature range, wherein the 3D printable material (201) comprises a thermoplastic host material (401) and a dopant material (410) in the range of 1-20 vol %, the dopant material (410) comprising polymeric flake-like particles having a metal coating, wherein the 3D printable material (201) has an optical property that irreversibly changes from a low-temperature optical property to a high-temperature optical property when increasing a temperature of the 3D printable material (201) over a change temperature T.sub.c, the optical property being selected from the group consisting of reflection, transmission, luminescence, absorption, and color, wherein the change temperature T.sub.c is within the first temperature range, wherein during at least a first part of the 3D printing stage the first temperature T.sub.1 is below the change temperature T.sub.c, and wherein during at least a second part of the 3D printing stage the first temperature T.sub.1 is above the change temperature T.sub.c.

A gradient index lens includes at least one optical material, wherein the optical material has at least two extension axes at an angle relative to one another, wherein the optical material has a refractive index gradient along at least one of the extension axes the optical material, and wherein the optical material is formed to be coiled around at least one of the extension axes.

A method is provided for manufacturing a mold for injection molding, especially for injection molding of optical components of automotive lighting devices. The method includes at least the following steps: providing a mold body, laser milling a pattern into a surface of the mold body, and coating the surface of the mold body by electroless nickel plating.

A manufacturing method and a manufacturing system of perovskite color conversion film are provided. The manufacturing method includes: manufacturing perovskite plastic wires; providing a substrate with areas to be printed; and heating and printing the plastic wires on the areas to be printed of the substrate by used of fused deposition modeling 3D printing technology, to formed a perovskite color conversion film.

Lighting systems are described. A lighting system includes a first lead frame portion and a second lead frame portion. The first lead frame portion has at least a top surface, a bottom surface, and an opening. The second lead frame portion is within the opening of the first lead frame portion and has at least a top surface and a bottom surface. Light-emitting diode (LED) devices are each mechanically and electrically coupled to the top surface of the first lead frame portion and the top surface of the second lead frame portion. An electrically insulating and optically reflective material is disposed over exposed regions of the top surfaces of the first and second lead frame portions.

A primary optic for a headlamp of a motor vehicle is provided. The primary optic is a multi-component injection molding comprising at least two injection molded photometrical components coupled to each other, whereby the at least two photometrical components are arranged to consecutively receive light emitted by a light source.

The invention provides a method wherein 3D printed layers are stacked, but wherein at one or more positions one layer is shifted sideways relative to the other. It looks like a (small) excursion. Hence, the one layer deviates sideways from the layer below and returns back on the layer below. This may be over a relatively small length. The excursion is chosen such, that there is an opening between the lower layer and the layer that deviates sideways. In this way, a 3D printed item comprising a stack of layers may have (physical) openings, which allow transmission of light. In general, the layer height of the layers is not adapted. The deviations or excursions may be provided in a regular way. This provides a 3D printed with a regular arrangement of openings Note that not each layer of the 3D printed item necessarily includes such deviations or excursions.

Disclosed is a polypropylene resin composition which contains a polypropylene-based polymer containing, as monomer units, propylene and at least one copolymerization monomer of ethylene or α-olefins with carbon atom number of 4 or more. Proportion of the monomer units derived from the copolymerization monomer in the polypropylene-based polymer is 2 to 10% by mass based on the mass of the polypropylene-based polymer. A crystallization half-time at 110° C. of the polypropylene resin composition is 20 seconds or shorter.

An injection-molded product or an eyewear is provided. The injection-molded product or the eyewear may be an optically compensated injection-molded product, which may resolve optical defects such as a rainbow phenomenon occurring in the injection-molded product or the eyewear. The injection-molded product may include an injection-molded body and a retardation film disposed on at least one side of the injection-molded body. The retardation film has an in-plane phase difference of 1,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, and wherein an angle formed by a slow axis of the retardation film and an injection direction of the injection-molded body is in a range from 0 degree to 80 degrees.

A camera module and a molded photosensitive assembly and manufacturing methods thereof, and an electronic device are disclosed. The molded photosensitive assembly includes an imaging assembly, a molded base and a filter assembly. The imaging assembly includes a circuit board and at least one photosensitive element, and each photosensitive element is conductively connected to the circuit board. The molded base has at least one stepped peripheral groove to define a light window through each stepped peripheral groove, the molded base embeds a part of the imaging assembly, and a photosensitive region of each photosensitive element respectively corresponds to each light window of the molded base. The filter assembly includes at least one filter element, and each filter element is correspondingly arranged in each stepped peripheral groove of the molded base, so that each filter element respectively corresponds to each light window of the molded base.