A method for improving tear resistance of stretch films in which two stretch films are bonded together with an adhesive by hot rolling or UV curing such that their primary stretch directions cross each other. Composite films resulting from the invention possess significantly improved slit tear strength and tear resistance over biaxially stretched films with the same thicknesses. The invention can be widely used to improve tear resistance of stretch films fabricated from various existing materials and processes. In addition, it allows simple operations and is readily applicable to mass production.

The present invention relates to a composite sheet, to a substrate for a display element including same, and to a display device including same. More specifically, the composite sheet comprises: a reinforcement-impregnated matrix; a coating layer formed on at least one surface of the matrix; and a barrier layer formed on at least one surface of the coating layer, wherein, if an elastic modulus of the matrix is E2 at a temperature of 25° C. and an elastic modulus of the coating layer is E3 at a temperature of 25° C., the ratio of the elastic modulus, i.e. E3/E2, is approximately 5×10.sup.4 or less.

Fire retardant laminates including a textile layer, a protective layer, and a fire retardant are provided. The protective layer includes a porous membrane and a coating layer. The porous membrane is positioned between the textile layer and the coating layer. The fire retardant includes one or more phosphonate esters of the general formula: ##STR00001##
where n=0 or 1, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, R.sub.3 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and R.sub.4 is a linear or branched alkyl. At least a portion of the phosphonate ester in the fire retardant laminate resides in the coating layer. The fire retardant laminates are suitable for use in protective garments that provide full flammability and burn protection, even after exposure to flammable materials such as petroleum, oils, and lubricants. A method of rendering the fire retardant laminate fire retardant is also provided.

Fire retardant laminates including a textile layer, a protective layer, and a fire retardant are provided. The protective layer includes a porous membrane and a coating layer. The porous membrane is positioned between the textile layer and the coating layer. The fire retardant includes one or more phosphonate esters of the general formula: ##STR00001##
where n=0 or 1, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, R.sub.3 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and R.sub.4 is a linear or branched alkyl. At least a portion of the phosphonate ester in the fire retardant laminate resides in the coating layer. The fire retardant laminates are suitable for use in protective garments that provide full flammability and burn protection, even after exposure to flammable materials such as petroleum, oils, and lubricants. A method of rendering the fire retardant laminate fire retardant is also provided.

An apparatus for fabricating an elastic nonwoven material generally includes a rotary ultrasonic horn and a rotary anvil positionable in close proximity to the ultrasonic horn. The anvil has a face with a width and a circumferential axis. The face has a plurality of ridges each of which defines a plurality of interspaced lands and notches.

Described herein is a mirror apparatus comprising: a reflective substrate; and an anti-fog complex comprising: an adhesive layer atop the substrate; a first polymeric layer atop the pressure sensitive adhesive layer; and a second polymeric layer atop the first polymeric layer. Methods of making the mirror apparatus are also disclosed.

A moisture vapor permeable, water impermeable composite sheet material is provided which is suitable for use as a housewrap material, and is also useful for other applications such as tarpaulins, or as covers for automobile, boats, patio furniture or the like. The composite sheet material includes a nonwoven substrate and an extrusion-coated polyolefin film layer overlying one surface of the substrate. The nonwoven substrate is comprised of polymeric fibers randomly disposed and bonded to one another to form a high tenacity nonwoven web. The nonwoven substrate has a grab tensile strength of at least 178 Newtons (40 pounds) in at least one of the machine direction (MD) or the cross-machine direction (CD). The extrusion coated polyolefin film layer is intimately bonded to the nonwoven substrate. The film layer has micropores formed therein to impart to the composite sheet material a moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) of at least 35 g/m.sup.2/24 hr. at 50% relative humidity and 23° C. and a hydrostatic head of at least 55 cm. In one embodiment, the nonwoven substrate comprises a spunbonded nonwoven fabric formed of randomly disposed substantially continuous polypropylene filaments. The spunbonded nonwoven fabric is an area bonded fabric in which the filaments are bonded to one another throughout the fabric at locations where the randomly disposed filaments overlie or cross one another.

A moisture vapor permeable, water impermeable composite sheet material is provided which is suitable for use as a housewrap material, and is also useful for other applications such as tarpaulins, or as covers for automobile, boats, patio furniture or the like. The composite sheet material includes a nonwoven substrate and an extrusion-coated polyolefin film layer overlying one surface of the substrate. The nonwoven substrate is comprised of polymeric fibers randomly disposed and bonded to one another to form a high tenacity nonwoven web. The nonwoven substrate has a grab tensile strength of at least 178 Newtons (40 pounds) in at least one of the machine direction (MD) or the cross-machine direction (CD). The extrusion coated polyolefin film layer is intimately bonded to the nonwoven substrate. The film layer has micropores formed therein to impart to the composite sheet material a moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) of at least 35 g/m.sup.2/24 hr. at 50% relative humidity and 23° C. and a hydrostatic head of at least 55 cm. In one embodiment, the nonwoven substrate comprises a spunbonded nonwoven fabric formed of randomly disposed substantially continuous polypropylene filaments. The spunbonded nonwoven fabric is an area bonded fabric in which the filaments are bonded to one another throughout the fabric at locations where the randomly disposed filaments overlie or cross one another.

According to various aspects, exemplary embodiments are provided of thermal interface material assemblies. In one exemplary embodiment, a thermal interface material assembly generally includes a thermal interface material having a first side and a second side and a dry material having a thickness of about 0.0001 inches or less. The dry material is disposed along at least a portion of the first side of the thermal interface material.

This invention relates to a process for the preparation of an antiballistic article, the method comprising: a) Providing a transparent uniaxially stretched polymeric film with at least one layer I comprising a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer A and at least one layer II comprising an amorphous or semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer B, of which polymer B has a glass transition temperature less than the melting temperature of polymer A if polymer B is amorphous or of which polymer B has a melting temperature less than the melting temperature of polymer A if polymer B is semi-crystalline; b) Stacking at least two of the uniaxially stretched polymeric films of a) at an angle a of between 45° and 135°, such that the films are in contact with each subsequent film through at least one layer II, to form an assembly; c) Compressing the thus formed assembly at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of polymer B if polymer B is amorphous, or above the melting temperature of polymer B if polymer B is semi-crystalline, and below the melting temperature of polymer A, to obtain an haze of at most 50% and having an energy absorption for 17 grain FSP according to the STANAG 2920 standard of at least 12 J/(kg/m.sup.2). The invention also relates to antiballistic articles.