A method of manufacturing a thin film is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles, size-reducing the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide particles by grinding to produce crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures, and coating the crystalline hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanostructures onto a substrate to produce a thin film. An electrochromic multi-layer stack is also provided.

A bonded body includes a supporting substrate, silicon oxide layer provided on the supporting substrate, and a piezoelectric material substrate provided on the silicon oxide layer and composed of a material selected from the group consisting of lithium niobate, lithium tantalate and lithium niobate-lithium tantalite. A nitrogen concentration at an interface between the piezoelectric material substrate and silicon oxide layer is higher than a nitrogen concentration at an interface between the silicon oxide layer and the supporting substrate.

Disclosed is a joined ceramic body comprising a first ceramic portion comprising a first ceramic, a second ceramic portion comprising a second ceramic, and a joining layer formed between the first ceramic portion and the second ceramic portion. The joining layer has a bond thickness of from 0.5 to 20 um and comprises silicon dioxide having a total impurity content of 20 ppm and less. A method of making the joined ceramic body and a joining material are also disclosed.

Provided is a light absorption anisotropic film capable of preparing an image display device having excellent display performance and excellent durability, and a laminate and an image display device formed of the light absorption anisotropic film. The light absorption anisotropic film is used for an image display device, which is formed of a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance, in which in a signal derived from the dichroic substance detected by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, a relationship between a maximum intensity Imax of the light absorption anisotropic film in a thickness direction and an intensity Isur1 in a surface of the light absorption anisotropic film on a viewing side of the image display device satisfies Expression (I-1) 2.0≤Imax/Isur1.

This specification presents sheets including graphitic materials, including sandwich structures, thermoformed or wet-formed single layer or multilayer structures of graphitic materials, and methods of forming a layer of graphitic material. In accordance with one aspect, the specification presents a multi-layer structure comprising a core layer having a core density between 0.01 and 1 g/cm.sup.3; and a skin layer covering the core layer, the skin layer having at least 10% by weight of a graphitic material, the graphitic material having one or more of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene, graphite oxide, reduced graphite oxide and graphite, the skin layer having a skin density of between 0.5 and 2 g/cm.sup.3 , a thickness ratio of the skin layer to the core layer being of between 1:1000 and 1:1.

A coating fabrication method includes providing engineered granules and thermally consolidating the engineered granules on a substrate to form a silicate-resistant barrier coating. Each of the engineered granules is an aggregate of at least one refractory matrix region and at least one calcium aluminosilicate additive region (CAS additive region) attached with the at least one refractory matrix region. In the thermal consolidation, the refractory matrix region from the engineered granules form grains of a refractory matrix of the silicate-resistant barrier coating and the CAS additive region from the engineered granules form CAS additives that are dispersed in grain boundaries between the grains.

There is provided a novel, improved optical body, the micro concave-convex structure of which can be protected without the use of a protective film, a film adhesive body, and a method for manufacturing an optical body, the optical body including: an optical film, on one surface of which is formed a first micro concave-convex structure in which an average cycle of concavities and convexities is less than or equal to a visible light wavelength; and a master film that covers the first micro concave-convex structure. The master film is provided with a second micro concave-convex structure formed on a surface that faces the first micro concave-convex structure, the second micro concave-convex structure is made of a cured curing resin, and has a reverse shape of the first micro concave-convex structure, and the optical film and the master film are separable from each other.

There is provided a novel, improved optical body, the micro concave-convex structure of which can be protected without the use of a protective film, a film adhesive body, and a method for manufacturing an optical body, the optical body including: an optical film, on one surface of which is formed a first micro concave-convex structure in which an average cycle of concavities and convexities is less than or equal to a visible light wavelength; and a master film that covers the first micro concave-convex structure. The master film is provided with a second micro concave-convex structure formed on a surface that faces the first micro concave-convex structure, the second micro concave-convex structure is made of a cured curing resin, and has a reverse shape of the first micro concave-convex structure, and the optical film and the master film are separable from each other.

The present invention relates to a multilayer structure including a base (X) and a layer (Y), wherein the layer (Y) includes an aluminum-containing compound (A) and a phosphorus compound (BH) in which a phosphorus atom having at least one hydroxy group and a polar group are bonded via an alkylene chain having 3 to 20 carbon atoms or a polyoxyalkylene chain based on an alkylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and the aluminum-containing compound (A) is a compound (Ab) including a reaction product (D) of an aluminum-containing metal oxide (Aa) and an inorganic phosphorus compound (BI).

The present invention relates to a multilayer structure including a base (X) and a layer (Y), wherein the layer (Y) includes an aluminum-containing compound (A) and a phosphorus compound (BH) in which a phosphorus atom having at least one hydroxy group and a polar group are bonded via an alkylene chain having 3 to 20 carbon atoms or a polyoxyalkylene chain based on an alkylene having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and the aluminum-containing compound (A) is a compound (Ab) including a reaction product (D) of an aluminum-containing metal oxide (Aa) and an inorganic phosphorus compound (BI).