Materials and methods for mitigating passive intermodulation. A membrane for reducing passive intermodulation includes a first polymeric layer, a second polymeric layer, and a continuous metal layer encapsulated between the first and second polymeric layers. A self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape includes a waterproof polymeric top layer, a metal-containing layer adhered by an adhesive layer to the polymeric top layer, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to the metal-containing layer, and a release liner on a bottom surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. A method of mitigating passive intermodulation includes passing a probe over an area of interest, the probe being sensitive to an intermodulation frequency of interest, and identifying a suspected source of passive intermodulation when the amplitude of the probe output exceeds a threshold at the frequency of interest. The method further includes covering the suspected passive intermodulation source with a radio frequency barrier material.

Materials and methods for mitigating passive intermodulation. A membrane for reducing passive intermodulation includes a first polymeric layer, a second polymeric layer, and a continuous metal layer encapsulated between the first and second polymeric layers. A self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape includes a waterproof polymeric top layer, a metal-containing layer adhered by an adhesive layer to the polymeric top layer, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to the metal-containing layer, and a release liner on a bottom surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. A method of mitigating passive intermodulation includes passing a probe over an area of interest, the probe being sensitive to an intermodulation frequency of interest, and identifying a suspected source of passive intermodulation when the amplitude of the probe output exceeds a threshold at the frequency of interest. The method further includes covering the suspected passive intermodulation source with a radio frequency barrier material.

Materials and methods for mitigating passive intermodulation. A membrane for reducing passive intermodulation includes a first polymeric layer, a second polymeric layer, and a continuous metal layer encapsulated between the first and second polymeric layers. A self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape includes a waterproof polymeric top layer, a metal-containing layer adhered by an adhesive layer to the polymeric top layer, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to the metal-containing layer, and a release liner on a bottom surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. A method of mitigating passive intermodulation includes passing a probe over an area of interest, the probe being sensitive to an intermodulation frequency of interest, and identifying a suspected source of passive intermodulation when the amplitude of the probe output exceeds a threshold at the frequency of interest. The method further includes covering the suspected passive intermodulation source with a radio frequency barrier material.

A roofing shingle includes an asphalt-coated overlay sheet, an underlay sheet having a front surface secured to the overlay sheet, and a reinforcement member is secured directly to the asphalt coating of the headlap portion of the overlay sheet without extending into the tab portion. The asphalt coated overlay sheet includes a first granular material secured to a first portion of a front surface of the headlap portion of the overlay sheet along the nail zone, and a second granular material secured to a second portion of the front surface of the headlap portion of the overlay sheet adjacent to the first portion of the front surface of the headlap portion, with the first granular material providing a thinner cross-section than the second granular material to define a depressed surface extending along said longitudinal axis of the nail zone.

A method of making a laminated shingle is provided. The method includes coating a shingle mat with roofing asphalt to make an asphalt-coated sheet, adhering a reinforcement member to a portion of the asphalt-coated sheet, covering the asphalt-coated sheet, and optionally covering the reinforcement member, with granules to make a granule-covered sheet, dividing the granule-covered sheet into an overlay sheet and an underlay sheet, wherein the overlay sheet has a tab portion normally exposed on a roof and a headlap portion normally covered-up on a roof, the headlap portion having a lower zone adjacent the tab portion and an upper zone adjacent the lower zone, and wherein the reinforcement member is adhered to the lower zone of the headlap portion and laminating the overlay sheet and the underlay sheet to make the laminated shingle.

An adhered roofing system comprising a roof substrate, a thermoplastic membrane including at least one layer that includes a functionalized thermoplastic polymer, and an adhesive securing the membrane to the substrate, where the adhesive includes a cured residue of a polymer having a silicon-containing hydrolyzable terminal group.

An adhered roofing system comprising a roof substrate, a thermoplastic membrane including at least one layer that includes a functionalized thermoplastic polymer, and an adhesive securing the membrane to the substrate, where the adhesive includes a cured residue of a polymer having a silicon-containing hydrolyzable terminal group.

A method of making a laminated shingle is provided. The method includes coating a shingle mat with roofing asphalt to make an asphalt-coated sheet, adhering a reinforcement member to a portion of the asphalt-coated sheet, covering the asphalt-coated sheet, and optionally covering the reinforcement member, with granules to make a granule-covered sheet, dividing the granule-covered sheet into an overlay sheet and an underlay sheet, wherein the overlay sheet has a tab portion normally exposed on a roof and a headlap portion normally covered-up on a roof, the headlap portion having a lower zone adjacent the tab portion and an upper zone adjacent the lower zone, and wherein the reinforcement member is adhered to the lower zone of the headlap portion and laminating the overlay sheet and the underlay sheet to make the laminated shingle.

Method for designing a corrugated roofing sheet made of natural fibers, impregnated with bitumen including a uniform pattern of mutually parallel alternating corrugations borne by a mid-plane, the corrugations defining rounded crests each separated from the next by a rounded trough, the crests and trough being connected by alternately inclined portions, the transverse offset between two successive crests being equal to the transverse offset between two successive troughs and defining the pitch P of the corrugations, the sheet having a thickness E of material substantially constant over its extent, and a height H being twice the distance between the mid-plane and the exterior surface of a crest or twice the distance between the mid-plane and the exterior surface of a trough, these two distances being identical. The height, thickness and pitch values are determined by Fi<H.sup.3/(8?E?(H+P))<Fs, where Fi=25 mm and Fs=35 mm.

A polyurethane is obtained by continuously reacting a polyurethane prepolymer in an asphalt or asphalt mixture material system under high temperature. The prepolymer is prepared by: adding a polymerization inhibitor, catalyst and isocyanate component in a reaction container, adding a polyol to the reactor while stirring at room temperature under nitrogen, increasing the temperature to 50-80 C., and maintaining the temperature to react for 0.5-6 hours. A polyurethane modified asphalt, a mixture material containing the polyurethane and a polyurethane modified asphalt pavement structure can be prepared. The synthesis condition of the polyurethane is mild, and a secondary reaction with the air and an active hydrogen component in the asphalt can occur during maintenance and formation to further increase the strength of a mixture material. The standard Marshall stability at 60 C. meets the petroleum asphalt requirement, such that a service life of the asphalt pavement can be increased.