The present invention provides a carrier-attached copper foil, wherein an ultrathin copper foil is not peeled from the carrier prior to the lamination to an insulating substrate, but can be peeled from the carrier after the lamination to the insulating substrate. A carrier-attached copper foil comprising a copper foil carrier, an intermediate layer laminated on the copper foil carrier, and an ultrathin copper layer laminated on the intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate foil is configured with a Ni layer in contact with an interface of the copper foil carrier and a Cr layer in contact with an interface of the ultrathin copper layer, said Ni layer containing 1,000-40,000 μg/dm.sup.2 of Ni and said Cr layer containing 10-100 μg/dm.sup.2 of Cr is provided.

To provide a laminate excellent in the oil resistance without using a polypropylene film for the innermost layer of a packaging material.

A laminate comprising at least three layers (A), (B) and (C) in this order, wherein the layer (A) is composed of a polyolefin which satisfies the following requirements (a) to (c), the layer (B) is composed of an adhesive which satisfies the following requirements (d) to (f), and the layer (C) is a substrate comprising at least one layer: (a) density of from 900 to 970 kg/m.sup.3, (b) MFR of from 2 to 30 g/10 min, (c) film thickness of from 5 to 25 μm, (d) film thickness of from 0.01 to 3.0 μm, (e) glass transition temperature of from −30 to +10° C., and (f) storage modulus E′ at 20° C. of from 1.0×10.sup.6 to 2.5×10.sup.7 Pa

A seal laminate for closing a mouth of a container is provided. The seal laminate includes a heat seal layer, a structural base support layer and upper and lower dimensional stable layers. The heat seal layer bonds the laminate to a rim surrounding the container's mouth. The structural base support layer may be comprised of a pulp, paper, cardboard, chipboard, paperboard, or cellulose based material having a moisture content of about 3 to about 6 percent and is positioned above the heat seal layer. The upper and lower dimensionally stable layers are disposed above and below the structural base support layer and are sized to balance the vertical forces on the structural base support layer upon exposure to about 60 percent or greater relative humidity. The upper and lower dimensionally stable layers have a water vapor transmission rate of about 1.5 g/100 in.sup.2/24 hours or below.

A seal laminate for closing a mouth of a container is provided. The seal laminate includes a heat seal layer, a structural base support layer and upper and lower dimensional stable layers. The heat seal layer bonds the laminate to a rim surrounding the container's mouth. The structural base support layer may be comprised of a pulp, paper, cardboard, chipboard, paperboard, or cellulose based material having a moisture content of about 3 to about 6 percent and is positioned above the heat seal layer. The upper and lower dimensionally stable layers are disposed above and below the structural base support layer and are sized to balance the vertical forces on the structural base support layer upon exposure to about 60 percent or greater relative humidity. The upper and lower dimensionally stable layers have a water vapor transmission rate of about 1.5 g/100 in.sup.2/24 hours or below.

Chemical vapor deposition processes and coated articles are disclosed. The process includes a first introducing of a first amount of silane to the enclosed chamber, the first amount of the silane remaining within the enclosed chamber for a first period of time, a first decomposing of the first amount of the silane during at least a portion of the first period of time, a second introducing of a second amount of the silane to the enclosed chamber, the second amount of the silane remaining within the enclosed chamber for a second period of time, and a second decomposing of the second amount of the silane during at least a portion of the second period of time. The process is devoid of inert gas purging between the first decomposing and the second introducing and/or produces a chemical vapor deposition coating devoid of hydrogen bubbles.

Chemical vapor deposition processes and coated articles are disclosed. The process includes a first introducing of a first amount of silane to the enclosed chamber, the first amount of the silane remaining within the enclosed chamber for a first period of time, a first decomposing of the first amount of the silane during at least a portion of the first period of time, a second introducing of a second amount of the silane to the enclosed chamber, the second amount of the silane remaining within the enclosed chamber for a second period of time, and a second decomposing of the second amount of the silane during at least a portion of the second period of time. The process is devoid of inert gas purging between the first decomposing and the second introducing and/or produces a chemical vapor deposition coating devoid of hydrogen bubbles.

There is disclosed a functional lamellar particle including an unconverted portion of the lamellar particle, wherein the unconverted portion includes a first metal, a converted portion of the lamellar particle disposed external to a surface of the unconverted portion, wherein the converted portion includes a chemical compound of the first metal; and a functional coating disposed external to a surface of the converted portion.

There is disclosed a functional lamellar particle including an unconverted portion of the lamellar particle, wherein the unconverted portion includes a first metal, a converted portion of the lamellar particle disposed external to a surface of the unconverted portion, wherein the converted portion includes a chemical compound of the first metal; and a functional coating disposed external to a surface of the converted portion.

A multi-layer shell structure for a vehicle and method of providing a multi-layer shell structure for a vehicle. The multi-layer structure includes a thermal protection system (TPS) layer, a structural layer connected to the TPS layer, and a high tensile fabric barrier layer bonded to the structural layer. Room-temperature-vulcanizing silicone may be used to bond the TPS layer to the structural layer and bond the high tensile fabric barrier layer to the structural layer. The high tensile fabric barrier layer may create a seal on the structural layer. The multi-layer shell structure may include inner shell enclosing a passenger and/or cargo compartment and an annulus between the inner shell and the high tensile fabric barrier layer. The high tensile fabric barrier layer may prohibit entry of gas into the annulus in the event a hole is created through a portion of the multi-layer shell structure.

A multi-layer shell structure for a vehicle and method of providing a multi-layer shell structure for a vehicle. The multi-layer structure includes a thermal protection system (TPS) layer, a structural layer connected to the TPS layer, and a high tensile fabric barrier layer bonded to the structural layer. Room-temperature-vulcanizing silicone may be used to bond the TPS layer to the structural layer and bond the high tensile fabric barrier layer to the structural layer. The high tensile fabric barrier layer may create a seal on the structural layer. The multi-layer shell structure may include inner shell enclosing a passenger and/or cargo compartment and an annulus between the inner shell and the high tensile fabric barrier layer. The high tensile fabric barrier layer may prohibit entry of gas into the annulus in the event a hole is created through a portion of the multi-layer shell structure.