Disclosed are methods manufacturing a four-layer membrane electrode assembly integrated with an adhesive film. The methods include a step of preparing a three-layer membrane electrode assembly comprising a first electrode and a second electrode by attaching the first electrode to a first surface of an electrolyte membrane, attaching the second electrode to a second surface of the electrolyte membrane, and joining a first gas diffusion layer to the first electrode; and a step of attaching an adhesive film to the three-layer membrane electrode assembly by preparing the adhesive film by attaching an upper protective film to an upper surface of the adhesive film and a lower protective film to a lower surface of the adhesive film, removing the lower protective film, and attaching the adhesive film to an outer peripheral region of the membrane electrode assembly including the second electrode.

A method of applying an adhesive film to a component includes applying an adhesive film to a surface of a component, wherein the adhesive film is positioned between the surface and an elastic membrane, the elastic membrane is transferred into a curved state with a convex and a concave side and contacted with the surface with the convex side first such that an adhesive layer of the adhesive film is pressed onto the surface in a full-area by the elastic membrane, the adhesive layer is pressed onto the surface in a full-area by a negative pressure being applied to that side of the elastic membrane facing towards the adhesive film, and to stabilize the component against deformation brought about by this negative pressure, the elastic membrane along with the adhesive film is pushed against the surface of the component with a plunger means.

There is provided a transfer sheet capable of preventing film cracking in thermocompression transfer. To that end, a base material layer (2), a transfer layer (3) provided on one surface (2a) side of the base material layer (2), and an adhesion layer (4) provided on an opposite surface (3a) side to the base material layer (2) of the transfer layer (3) are included, for example. A resin constituting the transfer layer (3) is an uncured ionizing radiation curable resin. A resin constituting the adhesion layer (4) is a thermosetting resin not containing a component causing the resin to exhibit liquid repellency.

A method of manufacturing a hydrocarbon absorbent structure comprises providing a lower sheet of material and dispensing a hydrocarbon absorbent polymer mixture thereon. The polymer mixture is then preheated so as to at least partially melt the polymer mixture. An upper sheet of material is then provided onto the at least partially melted polymer mixture on the lower sheet of material. The lower sheet of material, polymer mixture and upper sheet of material are then laminated together to form a hydrocarbon absorbent laminate structure.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide articles of manufacture and components of articles that incorporate an optical element that imparts a structural color to the component or the article. The component comprises a thermoplastic polymeric material, and can include or be made to have a textured surface.

Disclosed are a separator for lipid bilayer membrane formation capable of forming a lipid bilayer membrane with excellent properties, wherein the separator for lipid bilayer membrane formation has sufficient mechanical strength and can be easily manufactured in a large scale by using a general-purpose machine without need of using an expensive machine, and a method of producing the separator. The separator for lipid bilayer membrane formation includes a thin film having one or more through holes and made of a resin capable of being wet-etched, and reinforcing layers covering both surfaces of the thin film and made of a resin capable of being wet-etched. The reinforcing layers cover the whole area of the thin film, except for the through holes and the peripheries thereof, and each through hole has a tapered cross-sectional shape.

A label including a first strip including a first end and a second end opposite the first end. The first strip includes an opaque material. The first strip further includes a first area proximate the first end. The first area includes a first length along a longitudinal axis common to the first strip. The label also includes a second strip including a third end and a fourth end opposite the third end, wherein the second strip includes a transparent material. The second strip is laminated over the first strip such that the third end is disposed outside the first area. The fourth end extends beyond the second end a distance at least equal to the first length.

Disclosed herein are methods for making asymmetric laminate structures and methods for reducing bow in asymmetric laminate structures, the methods comprising subjecting the laminate structures to at least one thermal cycle comprising cooling the laminate structures to a first temperature near or below room temperature and heating the laminate structures to a second temperature near or below the lamination temperature. Also disclosed herein are laminate structures made according to such methods.

A metal substrate includes a first insulating substrate, a second insulating substrate, a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a release layer. The first insulating substrate has a first modified surface and a second surface opposite to the first modified surface. The first metal layer faces the second surface. The release layer is bonded on the first modified surface. The second insulating substrate is bonded on a side of the release layer, such that the release layer is between the first modified surface and the second insulating substrate. The second metal layer is disposed on a side of the second insulating substrate, such that the second insulating substrate is between the release layer and the second metal layer. An original surface roughness of the first modified surface has a variation substantially less than 10% after the first modified surface is released from the release layer.

A lamination process is disclosed. The process is useful for silicone based lamination adhesive compositions, in particular those which cure at or around room temperature.