A sealing apparatus for sealing a first substrate and a second substrate by a sealant includes: a stage which supports the first and second substrates, where the sealant is interposed between the first and second substrates along edges of the first and second substrates, and the stage includes a concave portion defined to correspond to the sealant; and an optical head configured to irradiate light onto the sealant, where the first substrate and the second substrate are fixed together by the light irradiated onto the sealant such that a space surrounded by the sealant between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed.

A metal composite including an oxidized base metal and a fibrous composite material coupled by a self-assembled monolayer and adhesive is described. Additionally, a method of constructing a metal composite is described, wherein the method includes oxidizing a metal, depositing a self-assembled monolayer, and adhering a fibrous composite to the monolayer.

A multilayer tube, particularly for fluids is provided with an internally hollow shape and includes a co-extruded sheath made of fluorinated polymers such as FEP, MFA, PFA, ECTFE and PTFE, located in the innermost layer. The sheath is constituted by an internal substrate made of non-pigmented virgin material and by an external substrate made of pigmented material.

Asymmetric expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes that contain multiple layers of ePTFE where at least one layer of ePTFE has a microstructure different from the microstructure of a second ePTFE layer. In exemplary embodiments, the asymmetric membrane contains a first ePTFE layer that has an open microstructure and a second ePTFE layer that has a less open, or tight microstructure. A third ePTFE layer having an open microstructure may be positioned on the second ePTFE layer. The asymmetric membranes possess print durability and are both abrasion resistant and air permeable. Additionally, printed asymmetric ePTFE membranes demonstrate low gloss. A textile may be affixed to the asymmetric membrane such that the first ePTFE layer is the outer surface of the laminate. Laminates containing the asymmetric membrane are sufficiently durable against abrasion so that articles of apparel having an exterior film surface remain liquid proof after an abrasion challenge.

An optical laminate body including: a substrate; and an adhesive layer formed on substrate, wherein the optical laminate body is used such that a surface thereof on the adhesive layer side is attached to a glass-made light-emitting surface member, a relationship n3n2n1 is satisfied where n1 is a refractive index of the glass that constitutes light-emitting surface member, n2 is a refractive index of the adhesive layer, and n3 is a refractive index of the substrate, the adhesive layer is composed of an acrylic adhesive composition containing an acrylic resin (A), and the acrylic resin (A) is a copolymer of a copolymerizable component [I] containing 40% by weight to 93% by weight of an aromatic ring-containing monomer (a1), and 7% by weight to 60% by weight of a hydroxy group-containing monomer (a2), the weight average molecular weight of the acrylic resin (A) being 200,000 or less.

The present disclosure provides a cardboard-based unit, structural elements comprising said unit and land-vehicles comprising said units and structural elements.

A method for manufacturing a piece of interior equipment of an automotive vehicle includes: obtaining a first web of fibers on a conveyor, the first web including a first layer of fibers forming a sole, and a second layer of fibers intended to form a velvet; depositing a second web of fibers and obtaining an assembly; needling the assembly; heating the needled assembly to a heating temperature, and obtaining a coating; and thermoforming the coating and a lower portion at a forming temperature in order to obtain the piece. The second web has continuous fibers with a single component having a melting temperature, the assembly further including a binding layer deposited on the sole of the first web, the binding layer in majority including at least one thermoplastic polymer having a melting temperature greater than the forming temperature and less than the melting temperature of the single component.

The present disclosure provides a cardboard-based unit, structural elements comprising said unit and land-vehicles comprising said units and structural elements.

A lightweight, multi-layered composite substrate for a vehicle interior material and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. A method for manufacturing a lightweight, multi-layered composite substrate including a core layer being a foam sheet and reinforcement layers stacked on both surfaces of the core layer includes preparing the foam sheet, forming each of the reinforcement layers by forming a low-density reinforcement sheet by mixing a natural fiber with a synthetic fiber by carding, subjecting the mixed natural fiber and synthetic fiber to cross wrapping and needle punching, coating polyolefin-based powder to a weight per unit area of 10 g/m.sup.2 to 100 g/m.sup.2 on the low-density reinforcement sheet, and pressing the low-density reinforcement sheet by a heat roller set to 150 to 230 C., and obtaining a multi-layered composite substrate by stacking the reinforcement layers on both surfaces of the foam sheet by heat.

Provided are functionalized polypropylene adhesive compositions having a desirable range of melt flow rate. These compositions are obtained by grafting at least one impact polypropylene copolymer or by co-grafting a blend containing at least one impact polypropylene copolymer and at least one random polypropylene copolymer. The polypropylene copolymer(s) are grafted with one or more ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives of these acids, such as anhydrides. Maleic anhydride is a preferred grafting monomer. Also provided is a multilayer film or sheet structure containing at least one barrier layer and at least one adhesive layer produced from the functionalized polypropylene adhesive composition. The multilayer film or sheet structure may also contain at least one predominantly polypropylene-based layer. In addition, a multilayer film or sheet structure is provided in which a barrier layer or a primer layer is adjacent to at least one layer that is produced from a dry blend or a melt blend of the functionalized polypropylene adhesive composition with a polypropylene matrix polymer.