We disclose methods to enhance bud breaking in grapes. Unfavorable bud breaking is caused by insufficient dormancy, which itself is commonly caused by insufficiently cold or long winters. Insufficient dormancy results in apical dominance which lessens the number of branches and fruiting sites. We have discovered that treatment with the plant growth regulator homobrassinolide enhances great growth uniformity and bud-break uniformity similar to Hydrogen Cyanamide without the negative effects.

The invention includes a mammal-safe method of killing or harming an insect. The method comprises administering to the insect a composition comprising erythritol ((2R,3S)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

The invention includes a mammal-safe method of killing or harming an insect. The method comprises administering to the insect a composition comprising erythritol ((2R,3S)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

The invention includes a mammal-safe method of killing or harming an insect. The method comprises administering to the insect a composition comprising erythritol ((2R,3S)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

Provided is a formulation including an agriculturally acceptable carrier and liposomes including a lipid membrane and an intraliposomal aqueous core. The liposome has a diameter in the range of between 100 nm to 300 nm and the lipid membrane includes at least one liposome forming phospholipid. The lipid membrane may include two or more phospholipids. At least one of the two or more phospholipids may be a liposome forming lipid. Further, at least one of the two or more phospholipids may be characterized by one or more of the following features: (a) it has an unsaturated lipid tail; (b) it includes a polar head group; (c) it includes an acidic head group. Further provided are methods of using the formulation for agricultural treatment and kits for preparing and using such formulations.

Compositions are provided that contain biologically active components of amniotic fluid including growth factors and other proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and metabolites. The compositions containing biologically active components of amniotic fluid can be useful for a range of therapeutic treatments including joint and soft tissue repair, regulation of skin condition, and for use in organ preservation, such as for use in organ transplant procedures. Advantages of the compositions include that they can be reproducibly produced, without the inherent variability of amniotic fluid from individual donors, and that they are free of fetal waste.

Compositions are provided that contain biologically active components of amniotic fluid including growth factors and other proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and metabolites. The compositions containing biologically active components of amniotic fluid can be useful for a range of therapeutic treatments including joint and soft tissue repair, regulation of skin condition, and for use in organ preservation, such as for use in organ transplant procedures. Advantages of the compositions include that they can be reproducibly produced, without the inherent variability of amniotic fluid from individual donors, and that they are free of fetal waste.

A composition for inhibiting the attachment of microbes to an animate or inanimate surface is disclosed. The composition includes a carrier and an effective amount of an anti-adherent agent. The anti-adherent agents include botanical agents such as Soybean extract, Horse chestnut extract, Gypenoside, Resveratrol, Astragalus extract, Rhubarb root extract, Allium cepa extract, Cassia seed extract, Ginkgo biloba extract, and Silymarin, and combinations thereof. The efficacy of the botanical agents is microbe and surface dependent. Various delivery vehicles, including a wipe, may be used to deliver the composition to the surface.

A composition for inhibiting the attachment of microbes to an animate or inanimate surface is disclosed. The composition includes a carrier and an effective amount of an anti-adherent agent. The anti-adherent agents include botanical agents such as Soybean extract, Horse chestnut extract, Gypenoside, Resveratrol, Astragalus extract, Rhubarb root extract, Allium cepa extract, Cassia seed extract, Ginkgo biloba extract, and Silymarin, and combinations thereof. The efficacy of the botanical agents is microbe and surface dependent. Various delivery vehicles, including a wipe, may be used to deliver the composition to the surface.

Provided herein are compositions and pharmaceutical compositions comprising -terpinolene, terpinen-4-ol, and -terpineol. Also provided herein are methods of using such compositions.