A roofing shingle includes an overlay sheet having a first granular material secured to a headlap portion of the overlay sheet, an underlay sheet, and a reinforcement material secured directly to an asphalt coating of the headlap portion of the overlay sheet without extending into a tab portion. The reinforcement material extends beyond overlapping regions of the headlap portion and the underlay sheet such that a portion of a reinforced nail zone is disposed on a single-layer portion of the shingle. A second granular material is secured to the headlap portion of the overlay sheet along the longitudinal axis of the reinforced nail zone, with the second granular material providing a thinner cross-section than the first granular material to define a depressed surface extending along said longitudinal axis of the shingle.

Materials and methods for mitigating passive intermodulation. A membrane for reducing passive intermodulation includes a first polymeric layer, a second polymeric layer, and a continuous metal layer encapsulated between the first and second polymeric layers. A self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape includes a waterproof polymeric top layer, a metal-containing layer adhered by an adhesive layer to the polymeric top layer, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to the metal-containing layer, and a release liner on a bottom surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. A method of mitigating passive intermodulation includes passing a probe over an area of interest, the probe being sensitive to an intermodulation frequency of interest, and identifying a suspected source of passive intermodulation when the amplitude of the probe output exceeds a threshold at the frequency of interest. The method further includes covering the suspected passive intermodulation source with a radio frequency barrier material.

Shingle blanks including a first fold region, a second fold region, a third region, a lower edge and an upper edge are provided. The shingle blank has a length. The first and second fold regions extend substantially across the length of the shingle blank. The second fold region is positioned between the first and third fold regions. A first perforation line is positioned between the second and third fold regions. A second perforation line is positioned between the first and second fold regions. A reinforcement material is positioned over the first perforation line and configured to reinforce the first perforation line. The reinforcement material includes apertures configured to allow an asphalt coating to bleed through the reinforcement material. The first and second perforation lines facilitate folding of the first and second fold regions on top of the third region to form a three layered stack.

A roofing shingle having a fire-retardant material added to the shingle in specific locations is provided. In one aspect a roofing system with two or more asphalt-coated substrates and a sealant material provided between the substrates is provided. The sealant material adheres an overlying and underlying shingle together and can contain a fire-retardant material. In a second aspect of the present invention, a multi-layer laminated shingle is provided with an adhesive material between one or more asphalt-coated substrates which adheres the asphalt-coated substrates together and can contain a fire-retardant material.

Materials and methods for mitigating passive intermodulation. A membrane for reducing passive intermodulation includes a first polymeric layer, a second polymeric layer, and a continuous metal layer encapsulated between the first and second polymeric layers. A self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape includes a waterproof polymeric top layer, a metal-containing layer adhered by an adhesive layer to the polymeric top layer, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to the metal-containing layer, and a release liner on a bottom surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. A method of mitigating passive intermodulation includes passing a probe over an area of interest, the probe being sensitive to an intermodulation frequency of interest, and identifying a suspected source of passive intermodulation when the amplitude of the probe output exceeds a threshold at the frequency of interest. The method further includes covering the suspected passive intermodulation source with a radio frequency barrier material.

Materials and methods for mitigating passive intermodulation. A membrane for reducing passive intermodulation includes a first polymeric layer, a second polymeric layer, and a continuous metal layer encapsulated between the first and second polymeric layers. A self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape includes a waterproof polymeric top layer, a metal-containing layer adhered by an adhesive layer to the polymeric top layer, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to the metal-containing layer, and a release liner on a bottom surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. A method of mitigating passive intermodulation includes passing a probe over an area of interest, the probe being sensitive to an intermodulation frequency of interest, and identifying a suspected source of passive intermodulation when the amplitude of the probe output exceeds a threshold at the frequency of interest. The method further includes covering the suspected passive intermodulation source with a radio frequency barrier material.

A method is provided for forming an adhered membrane roof system. The method comprises applying a bond adhesive to a substrate on a roof to form an adhesive layer and applying a membrane directly to the adhesive layer. The bond adhesive includes a polymer having a silicon-containing hydrolyzable terminal group.

Materials and methods for mitigating passive intermodulation. A membrane for reducing passive intermodulation includes a first polymeric layer, a second polymeric layer, and a continuous metal layer encapsulated between the first and second polymeric layers. A self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape includes a waterproof polymeric top layer, a metal-containing layer adhered by an adhesive layer to the polymeric top layer, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to the metal-containing layer, and a release liner on a bottom surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. A method of mitigating passive intermodulation includes passing a probe over an area of interest, the probe being sensitive to an intermodulation frequency of interest, and identifying a suspected source of passive intermodulation when the amplitude of the probe output exceeds a threshold at the frequency of interest. The method further includes covering the suspected passive intermodulation source with a radio frequency barrier material.

A roofing mat and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. A composite device includes a first roller, a second roller and a third roller. A die is located at the first roller. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1: laminating a first non-woven fabric to form a waterproof film; step 2: conveying asphalt to the die; step 3: rolling the first non-woven fabric by means of the first roller, rolling a woven fabric/a second non-woven fabric by means of the second roller, applying the asphalt to the waterproof film of the first non-woven fabric by means of the die, the first roller and the second roller being rolled and pressed against each other, the first non-woven fabric rolled by the first roller and the woven fabric/the second non-woven fabric rolled by the second roller being compressed together and then conveyed to a third roller for cooling, outputting, trimming, and winding.

A bond adhesive composition comprising a polymer having a silicon-containing hydrolyzable terminal group and a hydrocarbon resin, where the composition is substantially devoid of phenolic resin.