Architectural structures including an inorganic material carrier including cement and particles or fibers of a glass including a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions. In aspects, the glass may have a glass phase and a cuprite phase. In aspects, the glasses may include a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions, a degradable phase including B.sub.2O.sub.3, P.sub.2O.sub.5 and K.sub.2O and a durable phase including SiO.sub.2. In other aspects, the glass can have a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions disposed on the surface of the glass and in the glass network and/or the glass matrix. The glasses and articles disclosed herein can exhibit a 2 log reduction or greater in a concentration of at least one of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli, under the EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy as a Sanitizer testing condition and under Modified JIS Z 2801 for Bacteria testing conditions.

A substrate with a pathogen inhibiting treatment. The substrate comprising a first coating of an inorganic material. The inorganic material being applied to the substrate via a vapour deposition process. A second coating applied at an upper surface of the first coating, and wherein the second coating is at least one of a protective coating for the first coating and a functional coating.

A substrate with a pathogen inhibiting treatment. The substrate comprising a first coating of an inorganic material. The inorganic material being applied to the substrate via a vapour deposition process. A second coating applied at an upper surface of the first coating, and wherein the second coating is at least one of a protective coating for the first coating and a functional coating.

Some embodiments relate to herbicide compositions and methods of inducing phyotoxicity in a plant, by administering an aqueous composition to foliar portions of the plant. This aqueous composition includes at least one nutrient, and at least one adjuvant, and has a pH of about 4 to about 7. In some embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises an organic or mineral acid. In some embodiments, the phytotoxicity is topical. In some embodiments, the phytoxicity is systemic. Without being limited by theory, the nutrient is absorbed by the plant in excess, thereby killing the plant.

Some embodiments relate to herbicide compositions and methods of inducing phyotoxicity in a plant, by administering an aqueous composition to foliar portions of the plant. This aqueous composition includes at least one nutrient, and at least one adjuvant, and has a pH of about 4 to about 7. In some embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises an organic or mineral acid. In some embodiments, the phytotoxicity is topical. In some embodiments, the phytoxicity is systemic. Without being limited by theory, the nutrient is absorbed by the plant in excess, thereby killing the plant.

A composition comprising a hydrogen peroxide source and at least one metal halide. The hydrogen peroxide source comprises hydrogen peroxide and a means for generating hydrogen peroxide. The means for producing hydrogen peroxide comprises at least one oxidoreductase and at least one oxidoreductase substrate. The oxidoreductase substrate comprises at least one sugar, said sugar located within the composition. The composition is held under conditions that render the components inactive until rehydrated.

A composition comprising a hydrogen peroxide source and at least one metal halide. The hydrogen peroxide source comprises hydrogen peroxide and a means for generating hydrogen peroxide. The means for producing hydrogen peroxide comprises at least one oxidoreductase and at least one oxidoreductase substrate. The oxidoreductase substrate comprises at least one sugar, said sugar located within the composition. The composition is held under conditions that render the components inactive until rehydrated.

A composition comprising a hydrogen peroxide source and at least one metal halide. The hydrogen peroxide source comprises hydrogen peroxide and a means for generating hydrogen peroxide. The means for producing hydrogen peroxide comprises at least one oxidoreductase and at least one oxidoreductase substrate. The oxidoreductase substrate comprises at least one sugar, said sugar located within the composition. The composition is held under conditions that render the components inactive until rehydrated.

One compound (100) according to the present invention contains silicon fine particles having a capability of generating hydrogen or aggregates of the silicon fine particles. The compound that contains the silicon fine particles or the aggregates having a capability of generating hydrogen is capable of generating hydrogen in the body of, for example, an animal that has ingested the compound. For a plant, the compound can be disposed or charged into, for example, moisture (water-containing liquid) or fertilizer to be provided to the plant, to supply the plant with hydrogen generated from the compound.

One compound (100) according to the present invention contains silicon fine particles having a capability of generating hydrogen or aggregates of the silicon fine particles. The compound that contains the silicon fine particles or the aggregates having a capability of generating hydrogen is capable of generating hydrogen in the body of, for example, an animal that has ingested the compound. For a plant, the compound can be disposed or charged into, for example, moisture (water-containing liquid) or fertilizer to be provided to the plant, to supply the plant with hydrogen generated from the compound.