Provided is a pneumatic tire for which rolling resistance at high speed running is sufficiently reduced and durability is sufficiently improved. The pneumatic tire has a side portion, a thickness S (mm) of a rubber layer radially outside a carcass on the side portion at the maximum tire width position is 3 mm or less, the loss tangent of the rubber layer measured under the conditions of 70° C., a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial distortion of 5%, and a dynamic distortion rate of 1% is 0.15 or less, and when the cross-sectional width of the tire is Wt (mm) and the outer diameter is Dt (mm) when installed on a regular rim and the internal pressure is 250 kPa, the volume of the space occupied by the tire is the virtual volume V (mm.sup.3), the following (formula 1) and (formula 2) are satisfied.

1700≤(Dt.sup.2×π/4)/Wt≤2827.4  (formula 1)

[(V+1.5×10.sup.7)/Wt]≤2.88×10.sup.5  (formula 2)

A Rail Drone can include: a payload interface, a drivetrain, and a rail platform(515). The Rail Drone can additionally or alternatively include any other suitable set of components. The Rail Drone can integrate a standardized payload interface and an autonomous electric road vehicle platform into a rolling stock architecture. The Rail Drone can be a stand-alone, payload-agnostic, motive element which can be independently or cooperatively capable of carrying heavy loads across long distances at various cruising speeds.

When (I) a tyre 1 is in contact with a flat surface (S) with a camber angle θ of 40 degrees, (II) a load (F) applied to the tyre is increased from zero, and (III) a curve (T) is obtained by plotting, in a XY coordinate, a displacement (Δx) in a tyre axial direction and a displacement (Δy) in a tyre radial direction of a position (A) of one of tyre tread edges (Te) closer to the flat surface (S), the displacements being from a reference position (A0) when the load (F) is zero, inclination of the curve (T) increases as the load (F) increases at least in a range where the load (F) is not more than 78% of a maximum load capacity load of the tyre.

A pneumatic tire includes a tread portion, a pair of sidewall portions, a pair of bead cores, a carcass layer, a pair of first bead apex rubber components, and a belt layer disposed outward of the carcass layer. In an unloaded condition where the tire is mounted onto a standard rim and inflated with an internal pressure at 50 kPa, the carcass layer has a profile that includes an outer side portion extending from a position (A) where the carcass layer separates from the belt layer to a maximum width position (B) of the carcass layer, and the pair of outer side portion is located outside a virtual arc (C0) having a single radius (R0) of curvature passing through the position (A), the maximum width position (B), and an outermost ends in the tire radial direction of one of the pair of first bead apex rubber components.

A tire (10) comprises a crown (12) comprising a tread (20), a crown reinforcement (14), two sidewalls (22), two beads (24), with each sidewall (22) connecting each bead (24) to the crown (12), the crown reinforcement (14) extending into the crown (12). The tire (10) comprises a radial carcass reinforcement (32) anchored in each of the beads (24) and extending into the sidewalls (22), and the crown reinforcement (14) is radially inserted between the carcass reinforcement (32) and the tread (20). The tire (10) has a sidewall height that is greater than or equal to 110 mm and a load index that is greater than or equal to 94. The carcass reinforcement (32) comprises a single carcass ply (34) comprising at least one reinforcer element comprising an assembly formed by: a multifilament strand made of aromatic polyamide or aromatic co-polyamide; and a multifilament strand made of polyester.

Provided is a semiconductor device including: a semiconductor element including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a gate electrode; a surge voltage measuring unit electrically connected to the first electrode or the second electrode and configured to measure a surge voltage; a variable resistor electrically connected to the gate electrode; a comparator configured to compare a surge voltage measurement value, which is acquired by measuring the surge voltage generated by a first pulse applied to the gate electrode by the surge voltage measuring unit, with a surge voltage target value; a determination unit configured to determine a setting value of a resistance value of the variable resistor based on the comparison result by the comparator; and an instruction unit configured to instruct the setting value to the variable resistor.

A pneumatic tire comprises: a carcass layer; a belt layer which is positioned to the outer side of the carcass layer in the tire radial direction; and a rubber tread which is positioned on the outer side of the belt layer in the tire radial direction. The belt layer is formed by laminating a pair of intersecting belts having belt angle with absolute values of 10 to 45 and mutually opposite-signed belt angles, and a circumferential reinforcing layer having a belt angle which is within a range of 5 with respect to the tire circumferential direction. A distance (Gcc) from the tread profile to the tire inner circumferential surface along the tire equatorial plane, and a distance (Gsh) from a tread end to the tire inner circumferential surface have a relationship satisfying 1.10Gsh/Gcc.

A pneumatic tire comprises: a carcass layer; a belt layer which is positioned to the outer side of the carcass layer in the tire radial direction; and a rubber tread which is positioned on the outer side of the belt layer in the tire radial direction. The belt layer is formed by laminating a pair of intersecting belts having belt angle with absolute values of 10 to 45 and mutually opposite-signed belt angles, and a circumferential reinforcing layer having a belt angle which is within a range of 5 with respect to the tire circumferential direction. A distance (Gcc) from the tread profile to the tire inner circumferential surface along the tire equatorial plane, and a distance (Gsh) from a tread end to the tire inner circumferential surface have a relationship satisfying 1.10Gsh/Gcc.

The pneumatic tire for passenger vehicles according to the present disclosure comprises a carcass consisting of plies of radially arranged cords, spanning toroidally between a pair of bead portions; the cross-sectional width SW and the outer diameter OD of the tire satisfy a given relationship; the land portion has a plurality of width direction sipes extending in the tire width direction; the pitch length in the tire circumferential direction of the plurality of width direction sipes is 3 mm to 10 mm; and the width direction sipe has a widened portion on the sipe bottom side where the sipe width is larger than that on the tread surface side.

The pneumatic tire for passenger vehicles according to the present disclosure comprises a carcass consisting of plies of radially arranged cords, spanning toroidally between a pair of bead portions; the cross-sectional width SW and the outer diameter OD of the tire satisfy a given relationship; the land portion has a plurality of width direction sipes extending in the tire width direction; the pitch length in the tire circumferential direction of the plurality of width direction sipes is 3 mm to 10 mm; and the width direction sipe has a widened portion on the sipe bottom side where the sipe width is larger than that on the tread surface side.