A pneumatic tire includes a carcass extending between bead cores of bead portions through a tread portion. A tire section width Wt (unit: mm) in relation to a bead diameter Db (unit: inch) satisfies the following equations, Wt0.7257(Db).sup.2+42.763Db339.67, and Wt0.7257(Db).sup.2+48.568Db552.33. In a tread thickness distribution curve f(y) represented by equation f(y)=1t(y)/t(0), when y=0.4, the value of f(y) is of from 0.03 to 0.06, and a rate of change of the value of f(y) increases to y=0.4 and decreases thereafter, where t(y) denotes a tread thickness at each tire axial position Py, and y represents a ratio of an axial distance from the tire equatorial plane, to the maximum-width L of the carcass.

A pneumatic tire includes a carcass extending between bead cores of bead portions through a tread portion. A tire section width Wt (unit: mm) in relation to a bead diameter Db (unit: inch) satisfies the following equations, Wt0.7257(Db).sup.2+42.763Db339.67, and Wt0.7257(Db).sup.2+48.568Db552.33. In a tread thickness distribution curve f(y) represented by equation f(y)=1t(y)/t(0), when y=0.4, the value of f(y) is of from 0.03 to 0.06, and a rate of change of the value of f(y) increases to y=0.4 and decreases thereafter, where t(y) denotes a tread thickness at each tire axial position Py, and y represents a ratio of an axial distance from the tire equatorial plane, to the maximum-width L of the carcass.

In a tire 2, a difference Fs (((DdDe)/W)100) in an amount of protrusion is greater than 0.4 and less than 0.5. A sum Fa (((Dd+De)/W)100) of amounts of protrusions for a sidewall 6 satisfies mathematical expressions (3) and (4) in which an aspect ratio A is used, and a difference Gs (((DaDh)/W)100) in an amount of protrusion for a tread 4 satisfies mathematical expressions (6) and (7).
0.02626A1.8615<Fa(3)
Fa<0.02626A0.6615(4)
0.010819A0.084658<Gs(6)
Gs<0.010819A+0.6713(7)

A tire 1 includes one or more conductive cords 2 embedded in the tire, and a communication device 10 embedded in the tire, in which a number of intersection points of the communication device and the one or more conductive cords is less than two on a projection plane in a tire width direction.

The present invention provides a pneumatic radial tire for a passenger vehicle, having: a cross sectional width SW and an outer diameter OD controlled under an appropriate SW-OD relationship; and an optimized configuration of a crown portion thereof.

Embodiments of the invention include a method of forming a pneumatic tire having a heat insulating layer and a pneumatic tire having a heat insulating layer, for reducing the thermal cooling of a tread of a pneumatic tire. A flexible heat insulating layer is applied to the tire at a location radially inward from the tire tread and opposite the tire tread relative the tire thickness. The heat insulating layer is characterized as having thermally insulating properties configured to maintain at least a portion of the tire tread at or above a desired elevated temperature greater than a glass transition temperature for any such portion of the tire tread under normal tire operating conditions. The heat insulating layer is also characterized as having a low thermal conductivity.

A tire-wheel assembly comprises a wheel coupled to a rotating shaft; an elastic tube disposed on an outer side of the wheel with respect to a radial direction, the interior of the tube being filled with air; a rigid protective ring disposed on an outer side of the tube with respect to the radial direction separated from the wheel; and a tread ring disposed on an outer side of the protective ring with respect to the radial direction, an inner circumferential surface of the tread ring contacting an outer circumferential surface of the protective ring.

In an internal pressure state where an internal pressure that is 0.05 times a normal internal pressure P has been increased to the normal internal pressure P, amounts of protrusions at points Pa, Ph, Pd, and Pe are represented as Da (mm), Dh (mm), Dd (mm), and De (mm), respectively. A sum Fa (((Dd+De)/W)100) of the amounts of protrusions for each sidewall 6 satisfies mathematical expressions (2) and (3) in which an aspect ratio A is used, and a difference Gs (((DaDh)/W)100) in the amount of protrusion for a tread 4 satisfies mathematical expressions (5) and (6).
0.02626A1.8615<Fa(2)
Fa<0.02626A0.6615(3)
0.010819A0.084658<Gs(5)
Gs<0.010819A+0.6713(6).

A pneumatic tire comprises a carcass layer, a belt layer disposed on an outer side of the carcass layer in a tire radial direction, and a tread rubber disposed on the outer side of the belt layer in the tire radial direction. The belt layer is formed by laminating a pair of cross belts having a belt angle, as an absolute value, of not less than 10 and not more than 45 and having a belt angles of mutually opposite signs, and a circumferential reinforcing layer having a belt angle within a range of 5 with respect to a tire circumferential direction. A tread width TW and a total tire width SW have a relationship such that 0.79TW/SW0.89.

An air maintenance tire system and method in accordance with the present invention includes an air pumping mechanism configured to maintain air pressure within a first tire and a second tire in a dual tire arrangement. The system includes a control valve assembly attached to an elongate valve stem projecting from a rim of a first tandem tire, and a one-way valve carrying connecting tube from a sidewall air pumping passageway within a sidewall of the first tire. The control valve assembly further includes first and second outlet tubes connected to the elongate valve stem to selectively pass pressurized air into the tire cavities of both tandem mounted tires on an as-needed basis.