An electrical vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft includes a plurality of electrical propulsion units (EPUs), each EPU having a propeller or a fan configured to be driven to rotate by an electrical motor arranged to receive electrical power from a respective power electronics converter. Each power electronics converter includes a converter commutation cell having a power circuit and a gate driver circuit, the power circuit including at least one power semiconductor switching element and at least one capacitor. At least one terminal of each power conducting switching element is connected to at least one electrically conductive layer of a multi-layer planar carrier substrate at an electrical connection side of a power semiconductor prepackage, which includes at least one electrically conductive layer located on an opposite side of the power semiconductor switching element to the electrical connection side of the power semiconductor prepackage.

An electrical vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft includes a plurality of electrical propulsion units (EPUs), each EPU having a propeller or a fan configured to be driven to rotate by an electrical motor arranged to receive electrical power from a respective power electronics converter. Each power electronics converter includes a converter commutation cell having a power circuit and a gate driver circuit, the power circuit including at least one power semiconductor switching element and at least one capacitor. At least one terminal of each power conducting switching element is connected to at least one electrically conductive layer of a multi-layer planar carrier substrate at an electrical connection side of a power semiconductor prepackage, which includes at least one electrically conductive layer located on an opposite side of the power semiconductor switching element to the electrical connection side of the power semiconductor prepackage.

Electric vehicle supercapacitor thermal management systems and methods are disclosed. Supercapacitor thermal sensors may be read, and thermal effects of the supercapacitor batteries are evaluated in view of associated conditions and parameters. Thermal predictions are likewise made and evaluated. Notifications regarding recommended actions may be generated and sent to designated recipients regarding the thermal predictions and evaluations.

Electric vehicle supercapacitor thermal management systems and methods are disclosed. Supercapacitor thermal sensors may be read, and thermal effects of the supercapacitor batteries are evaluated in view of associated conditions and parameters. Thermal predictions are likewise made and evaluated. Notifications regarding recommended actions may be generated and sent to designated recipients regarding the thermal predictions and evaluations.

A cell voltage measurement unit measures a voltage of each of a plurality of cells that are series-connected. A total voltage measurement unit measures a total voltage of the plurality of cells. A controller manages an internal impedance of each of the plurality of cells. The controller detects a ripple of the total voltage measured by the total voltage measurement unit, estimates a ripple of each cell voltage by multiplying the detected ripple of the total voltage by a ratio of the internal impedance of each cell to a resultant internal impedance of the plurality of cells, and determines whether the ripple of each cell voltage is within an allowable voltage range.

An electric power distribution system and method for an electric mining machine is described. In one embodiment, a method for electric power distribution includes receiving information associated with a state of charge of a first battery pack that supplies electric power to a front electric motor configured to drive a front axle of an electric mining machine. The method also includes receiving information associated with a state of charge of a second battery pack that supplies electric power to a rear electric motor configured to drive a rear axle of the electric mining machine. The method includes comparing the state of charge of the first battery pack and the second battery pack and, upon determining that the state of charge of the second battery pack is greater than the state of charge of the first battery pack, increasing electric power to the rear electric motor of the electric mining machine.

An electricity supply system having double power-storage devices which is suitable for implementation in an electric or hybrid motor vehicle. The supply system is intended for being connected to a power network of the vehicle. The supply system is of the type that includes a first power-storage device, having a first specific energy, a first specific power and a first operating voltage (Ue), and a second power-storage device, having a second specific energy that is lower than the first specific energy, a second specific power that is higher than the first specific power and a second operating voltage (Up) that is higher than the first operating voltage (Ue). The first and second power-storage devices are electrically coupled by a bidirectional DC-DC converter controlled in accordance with the operating states of the vehicle. The DC-DC converter includes a floating capacitor connected in series between the first and second power-storage devices.

A power storage device includes an input terminal, an output terminal, a first circuit, and a second circuit. The input terminal is to be electrically connected to a power supply. The output terminal is to be electrically connected to a load. The first circuit and the second circuit are electrically connected in parallel. Each of the first circuit and the second circuit are disposed between the input terminal and the output terminal. The first circuit includes a power storage unit and a discharge path that allows a discharge current from the power storage unit to flow toward the output terminal. The second circuit includes a blocking path that prevents the discharge current from flowing toward the input terminal.

Systems and methods for improving operation of an automotive battery system including an automotive electrical system comprising a battery system that uses operational parameters, predicted internal resistance of a battery expected over a prediction horizon, and real-time internal resistance of a battery to increase performance and reliability. The battery system includes a battery electrically coupled to electrical devices in the automotive system, sensors coupled to the battery that determine terminal voltage of battery, and a battery control system communicatively coupled to sensors. The battery control system determines a charging power limit used to control supply of electrical power to the battery when charging the battery, based on predicted internal resistance when measured terminal voltage of the battery is not greater than a lower voltage threshold and based on a real-time internal resistance of the battery when the measured terminal voltage of the battery is greater than the lower voltage threshold.

A method for evaluating a consistency of a battery pack is provided, including: obtaining an initial/real rated capacity and an initial/real dischargeable electric quantity of each cell in a battery pack after a charge and discharge cycle of the battery pack; generating a first/second data diagram for every cells based upon the initial/real rated capacity and the initial/real dischargeable electric quantity; obtaining a first/second information of key cells in the first/second data diagram, defining an initial/real cell distribution region according to the first/second information by processing the first/second data diagram, and calculating a first/second area of the initial/real cell distribution region; and evaluating the consistency of the battery pack according to the first/second area. A strategy for balancing the battery pack is further provided.