An example valve includes: (i) a valve body defining a first longitudinal bore therein and including a first inlet, a second inlet, and an outlet; (ii) a cage disposed in the first longitudinal bore coaxial with the valve body, where the cage defines a second longitudinal bore therein; (iii) a pin mounted and extending longitudinally within the second longitudinal bore at an end of the cage adjacent to the first inlet; and (iv) a spool shiftably mounted within the second longitudinal bore and configured to move axially therein to shift between a first position and a second position. The spool includes a blind hole formed at an end thereof facing the pin and coaxial therewith, such that as the spool shifts from the second position to the first position, a portion of the pin is received within the blind hole of the spool.

A vehicle control apparatus is applied to a vehicle including an engine as traveling drive source and a clutch device in a power transmission path connected to an output shaft of the engine. The vehicle control apparatus causes the vehicle to be in a coasting state by reducing power transmitted in the path by clutch device operation upon satisfaction of a predetermined implementation condition, and cancels coasting state by clutch device operation upon satisfaction of a predetermined coasting cancellation condition including at least an accelerator condition during coasting. The vehicle control apparatus includes a travel determination section determining coasting state of the vehicle, and a clutch control section performing half-clutch control during coasting at least at one of at the beginning of coasting and immediately before coasting is cancelled, the half-clutch control setting a degree of clutch device engagement to an intermediate degree.

A vehicle control apparatus is applied to a vehicle including an engine as traveling drive source and a clutch device in a power transmission path connected to an output shaft of the engine. The vehicle control apparatus causes the vehicle to be in a coasting state by reducing power transmitted in the path by clutch device operation upon satisfaction of a predetermined implementation condition, and cancels coasting state by clutch device operation upon satisfaction of a predetermined coasting cancellation condition including at least an accelerator condition during coasting. The vehicle control apparatus includes a travel determination section determining coasting state of the vehicle, and a clutch control section performing half-clutch control during coasting at least at one of at the beginning of coasting and immediately before coasting is cancelled, the half-clutch control setting a degree of clutch device engagement to an intermediate degree.

A printed circuit board comprises a board main body, a sensor, an external connection pad, and a hollow-structured electrical conductor. The board main body has a top face and a bottom face opposite the top face. The sensor is mounted on one of the top face and the bottom face of the board main body. The external connection pad is provided on the top face or the bottom face of the board main body opposite the sensor. The hollow-structured electrical conductor extends through the board main body and electrically connects the sensor to the external connection pad.

A printed circuit board comprises a board main body, a sensor, an external connection pad, and a hollow-structured electrical conductor. The board main body has a top face and a bottom face opposite the top face. The sensor is mounted on one of the top face and the bottom face of the board main body. The external connection pad is provided on the top face or the bottom face of the board main body opposite the sensor. The hollow-structured electrical conductor extends through the board main body and electrically connects the sensor to the external connection pad.

Disclosed herein is an electronic brake system. An electronic brake system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is an electronic brake system including a pedal displacement sensor configured to sense displacement of a brake pedal according to a pedal effort of the brake pedal, a hydraulic pressure supply device configured to generate a hydraulic pressure using a rotational force of a motor operated by an electrical signal output from the pedal displacement sensor, and a hydraulic control unit configured to transmit a hydraulic pressure discharged from the hydraulic pressure supply device to wheel cylinders provided on respective wheels, includes a plurality of valves configured to adjust the hydraulic pressures transmitted to the wheel cylinders, a pressure measurer configured to measure hydraulic pressures of the wheel cylinders and a hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic control unit, and a controller configured to control an electromagnetic force of the valve when a difference between the measured hydraulic pressure of the wheel cylinder and the measured hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic control unit is more than a preset first threshold value during an anti-lock braking system (ABS) operation.

Disclosed herein is an electronic brake system. An electronic brake system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is an electronic brake system including a pedal displacement sensor configured to sense displacement of a brake pedal according to a pedal effort of the brake pedal, a hydraulic pressure supply device configured to generate a hydraulic pressure using a rotational force of a motor operated by an electrical signal output from the pedal displacement sensor, and a hydraulic control unit configured to transmit a hydraulic pressure discharged from the hydraulic pressure supply device to wheel cylinders provided on respective wheels, includes a plurality of valves configured to adjust the hydraulic pressures transmitted to the wheel cylinders, a pressure measurer configured to measure hydraulic pressures of the wheel cylinders and a hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic control unit, and a controller configured to control an electromagnetic force of the valve when a difference between the measured hydraulic pressure of the wheel cylinder and the measured hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic control unit is more than a preset first threshold value during an anti-lock braking system (ABS) operation.

In a collision avoidance control device for a vehicle according to an embodiment, for example, when receiving a brake request from a driver while a brake device is given an operational instruction corresponding to a third deceleration, a brake controller controls at least the brake device to decelerate the vehicle at a deceleration calculated by adding the third deceleration and a fourth deceleration corresponding to the brake request.

In a collision avoidance control device for a vehicle according to an embodiment, for example, when receiving a brake request from a driver while a brake device is given an operational instruction corresponding to a third deceleration, a brake controller controls at least the brake device to decelerate the vehicle at a deceleration calculated by adding the third deceleration and a fourth deceleration corresponding to the brake request.

A method for braking a vehicle to a stop on a sloping section of a roadway wherein a slope inclination of the roadway section, a vehicle speed, an acceleration, and a vehicle brake operation status of the vehicle are continuously ascertained. The slope inclination of the roadway section and the vehicle brake operation status are compared with predetermined threshold values. The method includes activating a braking torque, continuously determined based on the slope inclination, the driving speed, and the acceleration when the instantaneous slope inclination of the roadway section reaches or exceeds the predetermined threshold value for a sloping section and the vehicle brake operation status lies within a predetermined range or value. The braking torque being independent of the vehicle brake operation status.