This semiconductor device according to an embodiment includes: a silicon carbide layer; a gate electrode; a silicon oxide layer between the silicon carbide layer and the gate electrode; and a region between the silicon carbide layer and the silicon oxide layer and having a nitrogen concentration not less than 1×10.sup.21 cm.sup.−3. A nitrogen concentration distribution in the silicon carbide layer, the silicon oxide layer, and the region has its peak in the region, and a state density Z.sub.1/2 in a portion is not more than 1×10.sup.11 cm.sup.−3. The portion is within 100 nm from the silicon oxide layer toward the silicon carbide layer. A nitrogen concentration and a carbon concentration in a position 1 nm from the peak toward the silicon oxide layer is not more than 1×10.sup.18 cm.sup.−3, and a nitrogen concentration in a position 1 nm from the peak toward the silicon carbide layer is not more than 1×10.sup.18 cm.sup.−3.

A compact drive unit is predominantly intended for traction vehicles, especially for rail vehicles. This invention allows significant reduction of volume and weight of drive units. The drive unit comprises high-speed electrical motor (1) with passive cooling, which is supplied by power electronics converter (2), whose rotor is supported by bearings (3) along with pinion gear (4) of the input spur/helical gear (5). The output shaft (6) of the gear (5) is a part of the next following gear (7). Output shaft of this gear (7) can be connected either directly or by using the coupling (12) to the axle (8) of the traction vehicle, or to the wheel (9). Alternatively, in case the higher transmission ratio is required, it can be connected to another gears (10), where the output shaft of the gears (10) is connected to the wheel (9), or to the axle (8) of the traction vehicle directly or by using the coupling (12). The drive unit can be equipped with brake (13).

A compact drive unit is predominantly intended for traction vehicles, especially for rail vehicles. This invention allows significant reduction of volume and weight of drive units. The drive unit comprises high-speed electrical motor (1) with passive cooling, which is supplied by power electronics converter (2), whose rotor is supported by bearings (3) along with pinion gear (4) of the input spur/helical gear (5). The output shaft (6) of the gear (5) is a part of the next following gear (7). Output shaft of this gear (7) can be connected either directly or by using the coupling (12) to the axle (8) of the traction vehicle, or to the wheel (9). Alternatively, in case the higher transmission ratio is required, it can be connected to another gears (10), where the output shaft of the gears (10) is connected to the wheel (9), or to the axle (8) of the traction vehicle directly or by using the coupling (12). The drive unit can be equipped with brake (13).

Transit Cleaning Unit is able to clean the walls, overhead, insulators third rail covers and flooring of the subway systems in a minimum amount of time. It provides an effective means of providing a clean environment for the benefit of the customers.

Transit Cleaning Unit is able to clean the walls, overhead, insulators third rail covers and flooring of the subway systems in a minimum amount of time. It provides an effective means of providing a clean environment for the benefit of the customers.

A ride assembly includes a passenger vehicle having front wheels, rear wheels, a motor, and a steering wheel, where the front and rear wheels are disposed on a surface, the motor is configured to provide power to the front wheels to propel the passenger vehicle, and the steering wheel is configured to adjust a position of the rear wheels and enable the passenger vehicle to drift, a track forming a trough in the surface, and a bogie hingedly coupled to the passenger vehicle, where the bogie is disposed in the trough, and where the bogie is configured to direct movement of the passenger vehicle along the track.

A ride assembly includes a passenger vehicle having front wheels, rear wheels, a motor, and a steering wheel, where the front and rear wheels are disposed on a surface, the motor is configured to provide power to the front wheels to propel the passenger vehicle, and the steering wheel is configured to adjust a position of the rear wheels and enable the passenger vehicle to drift, a track forming a trough in the surface, and a bogie hingedly coupled to the passenger vehicle, where the bogie is disposed in the trough, and where the bogie is configured to direct movement of the passenger vehicle along the track.

An electric motor assembly for railway drive. The motor assembly comprises: an electric drive motor; a ventilation and cooling device for ventilating and cooling the electric drive motor through cooling air; and a draining device to drain the ventilation and cooling air flow. The draining device is provided with a silencer device for the cooling air flow. The silencer device comprise at least one straight channel to reduce the turbulent flow into a substantially laminar flow of the out-flowing ventilation and cooling air. Furthermore, the draining device comprises a scroll, which consists of two separate arched channels in order to avoid the formation of stationary vortices. The two arched channels communicate with one another, from the fluidic point of view, only in a common outlet area for the ventilation and cooling air.

An electric motor assembly for railway drive. The motor assembly comprises: an electric drive motor; a ventilation and cooling device for ventilating and cooling the electric drive motor through cooling air; and a draining device to drain the ventilation and cooling air flow. The draining device is provided with a silencer device for the cooling air flow. The silencer device comprise at least one straight channel to reduce the turbulent flow into a substantially laminar flow of the out-flowing ventilation and cooling air. Furthermore, the draining device comprises a scroll, which consists of two separate arched channels in order to avoid the formation of stationary vortices. The two arched channels communicate with one another, from the fluidic point of view, only in a common outlet area for the ventilation and cooling air.

A railway-vehicles scalable tractive power system, integrated into all-wheel steering and braking systems to leverage synergies between plurality of differently designed electric traction-motors, electric steering motors and electric brake calipers; configured with plurality of sensors to eliminate wheel-dragging at virtually 100% dynamic efficiency. A fully automated electronic clutch-system attached to selected electric traction motors configured to perform above 90% traction efficiency by coupling to wheels selected electric traction-motors in their high efficiency range of operation, or de-coupling and replacing electric traction-motors with another electric traction-motors while the vehicle is changing speed or when it requires higher or lower tractive-power, from forward-motion start to top-rated speed. A holistic controller is configured with multi-objective optimization design (MOOD) procedures; measures complex variable parameters and values, finds the required trade-off among design objectives, and improves pertinence of solutions. Plurality of electronic-couplers is monitoring changing distance between wagons, whereas the controller is maintaining optimal ‘free-slack’ between wagons to prevent ‘run-in’ and ‘run-out’ scenarios with precise maneuverability between electric traction-motors actuation and electric brake-calipers actuation.