This semiconductor device according to an embodiment includes: a silicon carbide layer; a gate electrode; a silicon oxide layer between the silicon carbide layer and the gate electrode; and a region between the silicon carbide layer and the silicon oxide layer and having a nitrogen concentration not less than 1×10.sup.21 cm.sup.−3. A nitrogen concentration distribution in the silicon carbide layer, the silicon oxide layer, and the region has its peak in the region, and a state density Z.sub.1/2 in a portion is not more than 1×10.sup.11 cm.sup.−3. The portion is within 100 nm from the silicon oxide layer toward the silicon carbide layer. A nitrogen concentration and a carbon concentration in a position 1 nm from the peak toward the silicon oxide layer is not more than 1×10.sup.18 cm.sup.−3, and a nitrogen concentration in a position 1 nm from the peak toward the silicon carbide layer is not more than 1×10.sup.18 cm.sup.−3.

This semiconductor device according to an embodiment includes: a silicon carbide layer; a gate electrode; a silicon oxide layer between the silicon carbide layer and the gate electrode; and a region between the silicon carbide layer and the silicon oxide layer and having a nitrogen concentration not less than 1×10.sup.21 cm.sup.−3. A nitrogen concentration distribution in the silicon carbide layer, the silicon oxide layer, and the region has its peak in the region, and a state density Z.sub.1/2 in a portion is not more than 1×10.sup.11 cm.sup.−3. The portion is within 100 nm from the silicon oxide layer toward the silicon carbide layer. A nitrogen concentration and a carbon concentration in a position 1 nm from the peak toward the silicon oxide layer is not more than 1×10.sup.18 cm.sup.−3, and a nitrogen concentration in a position 1 nm from the peak toward the silicon carbide layer is not more than 1×10.sup.18 cm.sup.−3.

An underfloor device includes first and second closed portions. The outer surfaces of the first and second closed portions form a portion of a housing. A portion of the outer surfaces of the first and second closed portions are in contact with an open portion that is a space extending into a vertical direction from an opening formed on the vertically top face of the housing. The portion of the outer surface of the first closed portion in contact with the open portion and the portion of the outer portion of the second closed portion in contact with the open portion are provided with a first connection port and a second connection port, respectively. A first outfitting cable and a second outfitting cable are to be passed through the opening and the open portion, and respectively through the first connection port and the second connection port.

Disclosed are a railway vehicle and a storage battery circuit breaker box thereof. The storage battery circuit breaker box comprises a circuit breaker box body, where mounting bases are arranged on side walls of the circuit breaker box body; a mounting positioning plate and a waterproof protection plate are fixedly mounted on a surface of one side of the circuit breaker box body; the mounting positioning plate is of a rectangular annular structure with an opening provided in the bottom thereof; the waterproof protection plate is located at the inner side of the mounting positioning plate; the waterproof protection plate is of a door-shaped structure; and perspective windows and a switch mounting hole are provided at the circuit breaker box body. The circuit breaker box can be mounted inside a vehicle body, maintenance by maintenance personnel outside the vehicle is facilitated, and the sealing requirements can also be met.

Disclosed are a railway vehicle and a storage battery circuit breaker box thereof. The storage battery circuit breaker box comprises a circuit breaker box body, where mounting bases are arranged on side walls of the circuit breaker box body; a mounting positioning plate and a waterproof protection plate are fixedly mounted on a surface of one side of the circuit breaker box body; the mounting positioning plate is of a rectangular annular structure with an opening provided in the bottom thereof; the waterproof protection plate is located at the inner side of the mounting positioning plate; the waterproof protection plate is of a door-shaped structure; and perspective windows and a switch mounting hole are provided at the circuit breaker box body. The circuit breaker box can be mounted inside a vehicle body, maintenance by maintenance personnel outside the vehicle is facilitated, and the sealing requirements can also be met.

A chassis for rail vehicles includes at least one support structure, at least one first primary spring and a second primary spring, at least one first drive motor transmission unit connected to the at least one support structure via at least one first suspension element, at least one first wheelset and at least one first clutch connected to the at least one drive motor transmission unit and to the at least first wheelset, wherein the at least first drive motor transmission unit is connected to the at least one support structure via a coupling element that is loadable primarily in the direction of a chassis longitudinal axis so as to create advantageous construction conditions such that an advantageous movability of the support structure and the first wheelset relative to each other is achieved.

A chassis for rail vehicles includes at least one support structure, at least one first primary spring and a second primary spring, at least one first drive motor transmission unit connected to the at least one support structure via at least one first suspension element, at least one first wheelset and at least one first clutch connected to the at least one drive motor transmission unit and to the at least first wheelset, wherein the at least first drive motor transmission unit is connected to the at least one support structure via a coupling element that is loadable primarily in the direction of a chassis longitudinal axis so as to create advantageous construction conditions such that an advantageous movability of the support structure and the first wheelset relative to each other is achieved.

An aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for measuring a quantity of liquid in a liquid-insulated electrical component. The liquid-insulated electrical component includes a main tank (1) and an expansion tank (2) fluidly connected to the main tank (1). The method includes measuring a first pressure (P.sub.1) of the liquid at a first point in the main tank (1), measuring a second pressure (P.sub.2) of the liquid at a second point in the main tank (1), the second point being at a height (H) above the first point, measuring a third pressure (P.sub.3) of the liquid at a third point in the expansion tank (2), and determining the quantity of liquid in the liquid-insulated electrical component based, on the first pressure (P.sub.1), the second pressure (P.sub.2) and the third pressure (P.sub.3). Further aspects provide a liquid-insulated electrical component, particularly a transformer, more particularly a traction transformer (101) for a railroad vehicle (100), as well as a railroad vehicle (100) including said liquid-insulated electrical component

A vehicle braking system includes a service brake and/or a parking brake, a network of pneumatic pipes provided for supplying, via at least one pneumatic pressure agent, the service brake and/or the parking brake to place the brake(s) in an engaged state or a disengaged state, and a display device for displaying the engaged state and/or the disengaged state of the service brake and/or of the parking brake. The display device includes at least one pneumatic intake connected to the service brake and/or to the parking brake via the network of pneumatic pipes, at least one electrical input, at least one electro-pneumatic triggering member connected to the pneumatic intake and to the electrical input, and at least one electronic display member connected to the electro-pneumatic triggering member and controlled to display the engaged state or the disengaged state of the service brake and/or of the parking brake.

A vehicle braking system includes a service brake and/or a parking brake, a network of pneumatic pipes provided for supplying, via at least one pneumatic pressure agent, the service brake and/or the parking brake to place the brake(s) in an engaged state or a disengaged state, and a display device for displaying the engaged state and/or the disengaged state of the service brake and/or of the parking brake. The display device includes at least one pneumatic intake connected to the service brake and/or to the parking brake via the network of pneumatic pipes, at least one electrical input, at least one electro-pneumatic triggering member connected to the pneumatic intake and to the electrical input, and at least one electronic display member connected to the electro-pneumatic triggering member and controlled to display the engaged state or the disengaged state of the service brake and/or of the parking brake.