Example brake systems and apparatus for providing pitch control on bicycles are described herein. An example rear brake caliper described herein includes a caliper housing to be coupled to the bicycle. The caliper housing includes a first port to be fluidly coupled to a first fluid line fluidly coupled to a front brake actuator and a second port to be fluidly coupled to a second fluid line fluidly coupled to a front brake caliper. The rear brake caliper also includes a valve between the first port and the second port. The valve is operable to affect fluid flow between the first port and the second port.

A bake-steering apparatus for controlling autonomous navigation of an electric scooter includes at least one electric motor coupled to at least one wheel of the scooter to provide driving power to enable forward momentum of the scooter, at least a pair of brake pads on the scooter such that each brake pad is adapted to make mechanical braking contact with respective ones of the wheels to provide navigational steering of the scooter, and a computational module on the scooter and electrically connected to each brake pad. The computational module is adapted to receive electrical signals and compute them into corresponding braking commands so as to determine the mechanical braking contact to generate corresponding slowing and turning of the forward momentum of the scooter so as to provide navigational steering of the scooter.

A scooter has a front wheel at a proximal end of a platform and a rear wheel at opposing distal end of the platform. A shaft extends upward from the proximal end of the platform. The shaft terminating in a handle bar. A friction motor propels one of the front wheel or the rear wheel of the scooter the scooter.

A scooter has a front wheel at a proximal end of a platform and a rear wheel at opposing distal end of the platform. A shaft extends upward from the proximal end of the platform. The shaft terminating in a handle bar. A friction motor propels one of the front wheel or the rear wheel of the scooter the scooter.

A power-assist drive system for a vehicle (e.g., a bicycle) is provided. The system includes a drive unit assembly attached to a frame of a vehicle and a motor having an output shaft, and a drive gear rotatably associated with the output shaft. The system further includes a driven unit assembly including a driven gear configured to be attached to a wheel hub of the vehicle, and a brake disc coaxially attached to the driven gear. The drive gear may be configured to operably engage the driven gear to transmit power from the motor to the wheel hub. A brake caliper may be integrated with the drive unit assembly. The system may further include a battery and a speed controller configured to receive an input signal to selectively direct electrical power from the battery to the motor to drive the wheel via the drive gear and the driven gear.

An epicyclic transmission gear and disk brake based regenerative braking device includes an epicyclic transmission unit to transfer braking energy through arrangement of sun gear and the planetary gears to a clock spring of a clock spring torque storage module. The device includes a disk brake unit that arrests the rotation of a sun-planetary gear assembly in the epicyclic transmission unit such that momentum available at the extended hub is transferred to a ring gear. The ring gear is connected to an inner casing of the clock spring torque storage module that charges the spring. The device includes a chassis unit that dissipates excess energy through spinning of an outer casing of the clock spring torque storage module by a spring calibration wheel that rides over a sinusoidal contoured surface of the outer casing.

A bicycle hub assembly comprises a sprocket support body. The sprocket support body includes at least ten external spline teeth configured to engage with a bicycle rear sprocket assembly. Each of the at least ten external spline teeth has an external-spline driving surface and an external-spline non-driving surface.

A brake disc includes an outer circumferential portion including a waveform portion having recessed portions and projecting portions repeatedly formed over an outer circumference, and for the outer circumferential portion to have substantially uniform heat capacity distribution in a circumferential direction and in a radial direction, the outer circumferential portion is formed such that a ratio of a difference in heat capacities among a plurality of circumferential sections in the outer circumferential portion, which are sectioned at an equal angle in the circumferential direction, relative to a heat capacity of each circumferential section is equal to or less than a first predetermined ratio. A ratio of a difference in heat capacities among radial sections in the outer circumferential portion, which are sectioned to have an equal length in the radial direction, relative to a heat capacity of each radial section is equal to or less than a second predetermined ratio.

A leaning vehicle includes a vehicle body, a left wheel, a right wheel, a leaning mechanism, a leaning drive mechanism and a leaning brake mechanism. The leaning drive mechanism includes a drive source. The leaning drive mechanism includes a gear, rotary shafts, and a gear casing member. The leaning brake mechanism includes a brake member and a resistance applying member. The gear and the rotary shaft of the leaning drive mechanism and the brake member of the leaning brake mechanism are supported by the vehicle body in a rotatable manner by way of the gear casing member of the leaning drive mechanism.

The disclosure provides a bicycle caliper control method. The bicycle caliper control method is configured to control a rear caliper and a front caliper of a bicycle. The bicycle caliper control method includes: when a first brake lever of the bicycle is squeezed, the first brake lever activates the rear caliper and the front caliper; and when a second brake lever of the bicycle is squeezed, the second brake lever activates the rear caliper.