A vehicle-used crankset composite structure, comprising an inner ring piece made from a lightweight metal and a rigid tooth ring having a high wear-resistance and heat-resistance; a first joint surface is disposed on the inner ring piece; an inner ring hole is provided in the middle of the tooth ring; a second joint surface is disposed on the tooth ring; through welding the second joint surface to the first joint surface, the inner ring piece can be fixed into the tooth ring, and the inner ring hole of the tooth ring can be covered by the inner ring piece; according to the present invention, the integrality of the crankset can be greatly improved, achieving a lightweight structure and a high rigidity of the tooth portions.

A modified vehicle-used crankset composite structure, comprising an inner ring piece made from a lightweight metal and a tooth ring; the inner ring surface of the inner ring piece is equally divided and extends to form a plurality of arm-like fixing portions in the radial direction; the outer edge of the inner ring piece is equally divided to form a plurality of the first tooth portion in the radial direction; the two side surfaces of the first tooth portion respectively form a first engaging surface; a second engaging surface is disposed on one side surface of the tooth ring; the outer edge of the tooth ring is equally divided to form a plurality of the second tooth portions.

A modified vehicle-used crankset composite structure, comprising an inner ring piece made from a lightweight metal and a tooth ring; the inner ring surface of the inner ring piece is equally divided and extends to form a plurality of arm-like fixing portions in the radial direction; the outer edge of the inner ring piece is equally divided to form a plurality of the first tooth portion in the radial direction; the two side surfaces of the first tooth portion respectively form a first engaging surface; a second engaging surface is disposed on one side surface of the tooth ring; the outer edge of the tooth ring is equally divided to form a plurality of the second tooth portions.

A bicycle crank assembly includes a fixing member for fixing a sprocket to a crank arm. The fixing member includes a radially-extending projection, to prevent the sprocket from moving relative to the crank axle in an axial direction, and an axially-extending base portion, which is secured to the crank arm. A contact part is provided on an inner periphery of the base portion and contacts the crank axle or is provided on the crank axle and contacts the base portion. The contact part permits force to be transmitted between the crank axle and the fixing member to limit flexing of the crank axle assembly.

A pair of left and right vertical frame pieces 1b, 1b constituting a part of a vehicle body frame FR extend in a vertical direction. A pair of left and right swingarm brackets 9L, 9R are fixed to the left and right vertical frame pieces 1b, 1b, respectively. A pivot 16 is supported by the swingarm brackets 9L, 9R swingably supports a swingarm 12 outward of the swingarm brackets 9L, 9R in a vehicle widthwise direction. Each of the left and right swingarm brackets 9L, 9R includes left and right opposing portions 320, 340 disposed so as to be spaced apart in the vehicle widthwise direction. The pivot 16 is supported by the left and right opposing portions 320, 340 of each of the swingarm brackets 9L, 9R.

A straddled electric vehicle includes an electric motor including an output shaft oriented in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to a vehicle width direction, a drive bevel gear that rotates around a rotation axis oriented in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the vehicle width direction, a driven bevel gear that rotates around a rotation axis oriented in the vehicle width direction, and a drive pulley that rotates around a rotation axis which is oriented in the vehicle width direction. The drive bevel gear and the driven bevel gear convert rotation generated by the electric motor around a rotation axis oriented in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the vehicle width direction into rotation around a rotation axis oriented in the vehicle width direction, which is transmitted to the drive pulley.

A bicycle comprises front and rear wheels, a frame supported on the front and rear wheels and including a frame mount, and a battery including a battery mount engaged with the frame mount. One of the battery mount and the frame mount includes a depression and the other of the battery mount and the frame mount includes a boss positioned in the depression. Preferably, depression comprises a slot, and the slot can include a resilient material to securely hold the boss. The boss can comprise an eccentric boss. Preferably, the battery mount is positioned adjacent one end of the battery, and an opposite end of the battery includes an opening. In this embodiment, the bicycle further comprises a mounting pin positioned through the opening and through a portion of the frame to secure the opposite end of the battery to the frame.

A snowmobile includes a frame, a motor, an endless track and a straddle seat. A left and a right footrest are each connected to the frame extend laterally outwardly therefrom. The footrests extend generally horizontally and are disposed vertically lower than the straddle seat for supporting a left foot of the driver. The left footrest is disposed on a left side of the snowmobile and the right footrest is disposed on a right side thereof. A left toe hold disposed above the left footrest is supported at an inner portion thereof and extends laterally outwardly therefrom to an outer portion thereof, the outer portion of the left toe hold being freely suspended. A right toe hold disposed above the right footrest is supported at an inner portion thereof and extending laterally outwardly therefrom to an outer portion thereof, the outer portion of the right toe hold being freely suspended.

A snowmobile includes a frame, a motor, an endless track and a straddle seat. A left and a right footrest are each connected to the frame extend laterally outwardly therefrom. The footrests extend generally horizontally and are disposed vertically lower than the straddle seat for supporting a left foot of the driver. The left footrest is disposed on a left side of the snowmobile and the right footrest is disposed on a right side thereof. A left toe hold disposed above the left footrest is supported at an inner portion thereof and extends laterally outwardly therefrom to an outer portion thereof, the outer portion of the left toe hold being freely suspended. A right toe hold disposed above the right footrest is supported at an inner portion thereof and extending laterally outwardly therefrom to an outer portion thereof, the outer portion of the right toe hold being freely suspended.

A retrofit electric drive apparatus is provided for converting a fossil fuel fitted motorcycle into an electric-powered motorcycle. In an embodiment, the apparatus includes a housing supporting electric drive train components. At least a portion of the housing is shaped to congruously match a portion of the motorcycle frame and reside within an envelope defined by the motorcycle frame.

In another embodiment, the retrofit electric drive apparatus comprises a housing including a first side element and a second side element, the first side element connected to the second side element at a predetermined spacing to create an internal space. The housing is shaped to reside within an envelope defined by the motorcycle frame and has at least a portion congruous with a portion of the motorcycle frame defining the envelope.

In another embodiment, the retrofit electric drive apparatus comprises a housing kit.