A protective product, such as, e.g., an envelope or pouch, is provided that includes at least one expanded slit paper sheet in an expanded state, and an embossed paper sheet facing the expanded slit paper sheet and fixed to the expanded slit paper sheet along at least a portion of a length in an expansion direction of the expanded slit sheet paper. In the preferred embodiments, the embossed paper sheet has a plurality of embossings that increase the rigidity of the embossed paper sheet, thereby inhibiting deformation of the embossed paper sheet that is fixed to the expanded slit sheet paper.

In one general embodiment, an apparatus includes a base having a face and back, a center section, and a foldable section extending from the center section. The apparatus further includes a perforated sheet extending along the face of the base, members extending from the foldable section for engaging perforations of the perforated sheet, and the foldable section being positioned to apply tension to the perforated sheet upon folding of the foldable section toward the back of the base.

In one general embodiment, an apparatus includes a base having a face and back, a center section, and a foldable section extending from the center section. The apparatus further includes a perforated sheet extending along the face of the base, members extending from the foldable section for engaging perforations of the perforated sheet, and the foldable section being positioned to apply tension to the perforated sheet upon folding of the foldable section toward the back of the base.

A bundle of tubular and/or rod-shaped glass articles is provided that includes a longest dimension, a plurality of layers (N.sub.L) of the glass articles, and a thread-like element. The longest dimension extends in a first direction. The glass articles in each layer are arranged side by side in a second direction. The plurality of layers are arranged side by side in a third direction. The first, second, and third directions being perpendicular to one another. The thread-like element is around two of the glass articles in at least one layer so that the two glass articles are spaced apart. The thread-like element has a cross section between at least 0.25 mm and at most 4.0 mm.

An electronic product packaging system includes a robot on which a vacuum suction device adapted to pick up a packaging box and a gripper adapted to grab an electronic product are disposed, a packaging box loading platform adapted to load a pile of a plurality of the packaging boxes stacked together, a product loading device having a loading groove adapted to load a row of a plurality of the electronic products, and a packaging platform carrying the electronic products and the packaging boxes. The robot is configured to pick up the packaging box from the packaging box loading platform and place the packaging box on the packaging platform with the vacuum suction device. The robot is configured to grab the electronic product from the product loading device and place and pack the electronic product into the packaging box on the packaging platform with the gripper.

A bundle of tubular and/or rod-shaped glass articles is provided that includes a longest dimension, a plurality of layers (N.sub.L) of the glass articles, and a thread-like element. The longest dimension extends in a first direction. The glass articles in each layer are arranged side by side in a second direction. The plurality of layers are arranged side by side in a third direction. The first, second, and third directions being perpendicular to one another. The thread-like element is around two of the glass articles in at least one layer so that the two glass articles are spaced apart.

Systems are provided for automatically optimizing packaging and dunnage for a group of objects. The systems calculate dimensions for a custom-made packaging template. The dimensions for the custom-made packaging template are adjusted to allow for a specific amount of dunnage. The systems generate a packaging command that causes a packaging-production machine to generate custom-made packaging templates based upon the calculated dimensions for the custom-made packaging template. The systems also generate a dunnage command that causes a dunnage-production machine to generate the specific amount of dunnage.

Systems are provided for automatically optimizing packaging and dunnage for a group of objects. The systems calculate dimensions for a custom-made packaging template. The dimensions for the custom-made packaging template are adjusted to allow for a specific amount of dunnage. The systems generate a packaging command that causes a packaging-production machine to generate custom-made packaging templates based upon the calculated dimensions for the custom-made packaging template. The systems also generate a dunnage command that causes a dunnage-production machine to generate the specific amount of dunnage.

A protective product, such as, e.g., an envelope or pouch, is provided that includes at least one expanded slit paper sheet in an expanded state, and an embossed paper sheet facing the expanded slit paper sheet and fixed to the expanded slit paper sheet along at least a portion of a length in an expansion direction of the expanded slit sheet paper. In the preferred embodiments, the embossed paper sheet has a plurality of embossings that increase the rigidity of the embossed paper sheet, thereby inhibiting deformation of the embossed paper sheet that is fixed to the expanded slit sheet paper.

A process for recognizing the orientation of a fruit, having a central axis of symmetry passing through the concave parts of the fruit. The process includes an initial measurement step in which the measuring instrument measures its distance from the sample fruit, an individual measurement step of each fruit to be treated travelling on the fruit multiple lanes tape, a comparison step in which the distance measured in the individual measurement step of each fruit to be treated is compared with the distances measured in the initial measurement step of the sample fruit to assess whether the distance measured in the individual measurement step is that one of a concave part of the fruit or that one of a convex part of the fruit, and a check step that determines that the fruit is correctly oriented or not. An apparatus that embodies this method is also described.