Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. Systems, methods and equipment are described for upgrading process streams using electrodialysis or electrodialysis reversal.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. Systems, methods and equipment are described for upgrading process streams using electrodialysis or electrodialysis reversal.

A fluid removal system for removing fluid from a product stream is described herein. The fluid removal system comprises a table, a permeable conveyor to transport the product stream across a top surface of the table and a plenum disposed below the permeable conveyor to draw the fluid from the product stream through the permeable conveyor. At least one vibration inducing mechanism is mounted to the table to provide vibratory motion directly to the table and indirectly to the conveyor. The table is supported by oscillating mounts that provide oscillatory motion to the table.

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, novel systems, methods and equipment for conveying and/or cooling treated biomass are described.

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, novel systems, methods and equipment for conveying and/or cooling treated biomass are described.

A vibratory apparatus includes a deck, an electro-mechanical sensor and at least one vibratory exciter. The deck has an upper surface configured to receive items to be conveyed in at least a first direction along a longitudinal axis from a first deck end to a second deck end. The electro-mechanical sensor includes a wheel disposed above the upper surface of the deck, the wheel being rotatable about a wheel axis disposed transverse to the longitudinal axis, and an electronic sensor associated with the wheel, the electronic sensor configured to generate a signal representative of the revolutions per unit time of the wheel. The at least one vibratory exciter is attached to the deck and is configured to move the material along the deck.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or other materials are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the walls and optionally the ceiling include discrete units. Such vaults are re-configurable.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or other materials are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the walls and optionally the ceiling include discrete units. Such vaults are re-configurable.

Vibrating apparatus (10) for automatically conveying objects (11) from a first position (12) to a second position (13) by means of vibration, comprising one or more conveying members (15) and a movement member (18), which is configured to be driven according to a vibrational motion in order to make said one or more conveying members (15) vibrate to cause a consequent forward motion by vibration of the objects (11).

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, equipment, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which hazardous gases are removed, destroyed and/or converted. The treatments are efficient and can reduce the recalcitrance of the lignocellulosic material so that it is easier to produce an intermediate or product, e.g., sugars, alcohols, sugar alcohols and energy, from the lignocellulosic material.