Certain embodiments are directed to compositions and related methods for oral delivery of compositions for effective administration of leptin pathway modulating agents (e.g., leptin, anti-leptin antibodies, anti-leptin receptor antibodies and the like), the composition including an ionic liquid (e.g., CAGE) or a beta-glucan composition and a leptin pathway modulator for reducing or maintaining body weight. In certain aspects the leptin pathway modulator is leptin or an anti-leptin antibody. An ionic liquid (IL) is a salt in the liquid state.

A physiotherapy sheet includes a flexible sheet. The flexible sheet includes a first flexible layer, a second flexible layer, a plurality of functional layers located between the first flexible layer and the second flexible layer, and a plurality of electrodes electrically connected with the plurality of functional layers. The second flexible layer comprises at least one opening at a position corresponding to the plurality functional layers, and at least one portion of the plurality of functional layer is exposed out of the second flexible layer from the at least one opening. A method for using the physiotherapy sheet is further provided.

A nanostructure for isolating or concentrating extracellular vesicles or a pathogen, includes a transferrin family protein linked on magnetic nanoparticles. The nanostructure includes a transferrin family protein, and thus has selectivity for a pathogen or extracellular vesicles capable of binding to the transferrin family protein, and the synthesized nanostructure is positively (+) charged. The nanostructure includes magnetic nanoparticles, a target material is easily and simply isolated from other materials by magnetism when a magnetic field is applied.

There is disclosed a nanopore support structure comprising a wall layer comprising walls defining a plurality of wells, and overhangs extending from the walls across each of the wells, the overhang defining an aperture configured to support a membrane suitable for insertion of a nanopore. There is further disclosed a nanopore sensing device comprising a nanopore support structure, and methods of manufacturing the nanopore support structure and the nanopore sensing device.

There is disclosed a nanopore support structure comprising a wall layer comprising walls defining a plurality of wells, and overhangs extending from the walls across each of the wells, the overhang defining an aperture configured to support a membrane suitable for insertion of a nanopore. There is further disclosed a nanopore sensing device comprising a nanopore support structure, and methods of manufacturing the nanopore support structure and the nanopore sensing device.

A system for biofuel production can include a cell, a nanoparticle on a surface of the cell, and an irradiation unit configured to expose the cell to irradiation. A method of producing biofuel can include providing a cell having a nanoparticle on a surface of the cell, exposing the cell to a fuel precursor, irradiating the cell, converting the fuel precursor to a biofuel with the cell, and collecting the biofuel.

A composition including nano- or microspheres, and/or tubular nanostructures, each made of a plurality of aromatic dipeptides including end-capping modified aromatic dipeptides, non-modified aromatic dipeptides, or a combination thereof; and encapsulating an esterase or a functional fragment thereof; as well as methods of use. The plurality of aromatic dipeptides may include the end-capping modified aromatic dipeptides only.

The present invention relates to nano-resin particles that are suitable for pharmaceutical use and their use in the pharmaceutical field. The present invention provides nano-sized resin particles having a particle size distribution characterized in that D.sub.90 value is between 200 nanometers to 900 nanometer and D.sub.10 value is not less than 50 nanometers, wherein the nano-resin particles are in pure form and safe for pharmaceutical use. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these purified nano-resin particles and their use in the treatment of diseases. The present invention further provides a process for preparing purified, nano-sized resin particles that are suitable for pharmaceutical use, the process comprising steps of: (i) washing an ion exchange resin and suspending in an aqueous liquid, (ii) subjecting the suspension of (i) to wet milling for a period such that the particles have a particle size distribution characterized in that the D.sub.90 value is between 200 nanometers to 900 nanometers and D.sub.10 value is not less than 50 nanometers, (iii) subjecting the suspension of (ii) to purification to remove impurities, (iv) drying the purified suspension to obtain nano-resin particles in the form of dry powder.

Described herein are nanoprobes comprising ultrasmall aminated and cRGDY-conjugated nanoparticles labeled with Zirconium-89 (.sup.89Zr) and methods of their use. The provided compositions are renally clearable and possess suitable blood circulation half-time, high tumor active targeting capability, dominant renal clearance, low liver accumulation, and a high tumor-to-background ratio. The described nanoprobes exhibit great potential as “target-or-clear” tracers to human subjects for systemic targeted imaging (or treatment) of cancer.

The subject invention provides materials and methods for intracellular deliver of molecules and/or therapeutic agents. The subject invention also provides methods for synthesizing polymeric systems and nanomaterials that enhance or assist the passage of molecules and/or therapeutic agents across biological membranes. The compound, polymer or nanoparticle of the subject invention comprises a modified guanidine moiety in a plurality of repeating units of a polymer or on the surface of a nanoparticle where the guanidine moiety comprises, for example, a carbamoyl or thiourea modification. The polymer or nanoparticle can be used in a cancer treatment formulation.