A molecular nanotag is disclosed that includes a core nanoparticle with a diameter of less than about 100 nm, with an optional shell surrounding the core, and an armor bound to the surface of the core nanoparticle, or if present, to the surface of the shell. The molecular nanotag also includes a functionalized end with a fixed number of binding sites that can selectively bind to a molecular targeting ligand. Any one of, or any combination of, the core, the shell and the armor contribute to fluorescence, light scattering and/or ligand binding properties of the molecular tag that are detectable by microscopy or in a devices that measures intensity or power of fluorescence and light scattering. The light scattering intensity or power of the assembled structure is detectable above the specific level of the reference noise of a device detecting the light scattering intensity or power, its fluorescence intensity or power has sufficient brightness for detection above the limit of detection for the instrument, and ligand specificity is conferred by the ligand binding component. Methods of biomarker and biosignature detection using the molecular tags are also disclosed.

A molecular nanotag is disclosed that includes a core nanoparticle with a diameter of less than about 100 nm, with an optional shell surrounding the core, and an armor bound to the surface of the core nanoparticle, or if present, to the surface of the shell. The molecular nanotag also includes a functionalized end with a fixed number of binding sites that can selectively bind to a molecular targeting ligand. Any one of, or any combination of, the core, the shell and the armor contribute to fluorescence, light scattering and/or ligand binding properties of the molecular tag that are detectable by microscopy or in a devices that measures intensity or power of fluorescence and light scattering. The light scattering intensity or power of the assembled structure is detectable above the specific level of the reference noise of a device detecting the light scattering intensity or power, its fluorescence intensity or power has sufficient brightness for detection above the limit of detection for the instrument, and ligand specificity is conferred by the ligand binding component. Methods of biomarker and biosignature detection using the molecular tags are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a method for in situ sensing of water stress in a plant by contacting a plant with a biosensor, where the biosensor comprises a material capable of giving a detectable response to changes in local water potential in the plant and detecting the detectable response thereby sensing water stress in the plant. The invention further relates to a method for determining water potential in a substance, a biosensor, a system for determining water potential in a substance, a method for determining water potential in a substance, a water potential measurement computing device, and a non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions for determining water potential in a substance.

An apparatus includes a plurality of particles, wherein each particle contains a plurality of magnetizable (for example, ferromagnetic) and ferroelectric materials in fixed physical relationship (for example, physical contact) with one another. A method and apparatus measure magnetic fields arising from or within the plurality of particles.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide dual pore sensors and methods for producing these dual pore sensors. The method includes forming a film stack, where the film stack contains two silicon layers and two membrane layers, and then etching the film stack to produce a channel extending therethrough and having two reservoirs and two nanopores. The method also includes depositing a oxide layer on inner surfaces of the reservoirs and nanopores, depositing a dielectric layer on the oxide layer, and forming a metal contact extending through a portion of the stack. The method further includes etching the dielectric layers to form wells, etching the first silicon layer to reveal the protective oxide layer deposited on the inner surfaces of a reservoir, and etching the protective oxide layer deposited on the inner surfaces of the reservoirs and the nanopores.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide dual pore sensors and methods for producing these dual pore sensors. The method includes forming a film stack, where the film stack contains two silicon layers and two membrane layers, and then etching the film stack to produce a channel extending therethrough and having two reservoirs and two nanopores. The method also includes depositing a oxide layer on inner surfaces of the reservoirs and nanopores, depositing a dielectric layer on the oxide layer, and forming a metal contact extending through a portion of the stack. The method further includes etching the dielectric layers to form wells, etching the first silicon layer to reveal the protective oxide layer deposited on the inner surfaces of a reservoir, and etching the protective oxide layer deposited on the inner surfaces of the reservoirs and the nanopores.

A biosensor includes a semiconductor layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, a FET device in the semiconductor layer, an isolation layer over the first surface of the semiconductor layer, a dielectric layer over the isolation layer and the first surface of the semiconductor layer, and a pair of first electrodes and a pair of second electrodes over the dielectric layer and separated from each other. The isolation layer has a rectangular opening substantially aligned with the FET device. The rectangular opening has pair of first sides and a pair of second sides. An extending direction of the pair of first sides is perpendicular to an extending direction of the pair of second sides. The pair of first electrodes is disposed over the pair of first sides, and the pair of second electrodes is disposed over the pair of second sides.

A method for self-assembly of a protein in a three-dimensional honeycomb structure, comprising the following consecutive steps: providing a solution comprising a solvent and a protein, the protein comprising a sequence of amino acids corresponding to an oligomerisation domain of a LEAFY protein, for example to the oligomerisation domain of Ginkgo biloba, in fusion with a tag, placing the solution in contact with a substrate, evaporating the solvent in order to crystallise the protein, the oligomerisation domain crystallising in the form of a primary helix, each primary helix interacting with six other primary helixes, whereby a three-dimensional honeycomb protein structure is obtained perpendicular to the substrate, the protein structure being attached to the substrate by the tag.

A moisture, gas, fluid enabled sensor that includes an electronics component and a sensing component. The sensing component includes active electrode layer, a middle layer and a less active layer. When exposed to moisture, gas or fluid, the sensing component generates electricity which is then used to power the electronics component.

The present invention relates to a sensor for dopamine-selective detection, a preparation method therefor, and use thereof.