Methods and apparatus are disclosed for triggering an exothermic reaction under a high hydrogen loading rate. It is generally understood that a high hydrogen loading ratio is an important factor. The present application teaches that a high hydrogen loading rate, that is, achieving a high hydrogen loading ratio in a short period of time, is another important factor in determining whether excess heat can be observed in an exothermic reaction. The present application discloses methods and apparatus for achieving a high hydrogen loading rate in order to trigger an exothermic reaction.

A method of separating combustible gasses from the pores of carbon black. A method of making carbon black in a reactor is described that results in a high concentration of combustible gasses contained in the pores of the carbon black produced. The combustible gasses contained in the pores are replaced with inert gas to render the carbon black safer to process in downstream equipment.

This invention provides a reversible hydrogen loading and discharging system and a reversible method for loading and discharging hydrogen. The system and the methods of this invention comprise ethylene glycol as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier and at least one transition metal. By reacting ethylene glycol with at least one transition metal; at least one hydrogen molecule and at least one oligoester of ethylene glycol are formed (hydrogen releasing)⋅, and by reacting at least one oligoester of ethylene glycol with at least one transition metal and at least one hydrogen molecule, at least one ethylene glycol is formed (hydrogen loading).

The present invention relates to a hydrogen gas composition comprising specific gas contaminants at threshold limit values (as listed in the ISO 14687:2019 standard). The invention also concerns a metal cylinder such as an aluminium cylinder comprising a hydrogen gas composition according to the invention.

The hydrogen gas composition of the invention may be used as a calibration composition and/or quality control composition for controlling hydrogen fuels.

The present invention relates to a hydrogen gas composition comprising specific gas contaminants at threshold limit values (as listed in the ISO 14687:2019 standard). The invention also concerns a metal cylinder such as an aluminium cylinder comprising a hydrogen gas composition according to the invention.

The hydrogen gas composition of the invention may be used as a calibration composition and/or quality control composition for controlling hydrogen fuels.

The present disclosure refers in one embodiment to processes for making and transporting clean hydrogen fuel. The processes may involve hydrotreating, hydrocracking, or both hydrotreating and hydrocracking an aromatic feedstock under conditions to obtain a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel is hydrogenated to obtain a hydrogen-rich fuel that is transported to a dehydrogenation facility that may also be at or near a hydrogen station. The hydrogen-rich fuel is used to obtain hydrogen and a second liquid hydrocarbon fuel.

The present invention relates to a device for electrically processing a fatty substance of plant origin, comprising a series of electrodes (1 and 2) and an enclosure (4), said device being characterised in that the enclosure (4) is provided with at least one electrical connector (5) placed on the outer surface (40) of the enclosure (4), a series of electrical connections for connecting each electrode of said series of electrodes to said electrical connector (5), with the current flow distances of the electrical connections being equal in relation to each other, and a first inlet (6) and a first outlet (7) for the fatty substance, and in that said device comprises a filter (12) having an inlet (13) in fluidic connection with said first fatty-substance outlet (7) of the enclosure (4) and an output (14) in fluidic connection with said first fatty-substance inlet (6) of the enclosure (4).

A composite material 100 of the present invention includes silicon particles or silicon fine particles 10 capable of generating hydrogen, and a metal element (iron (Fe)) 20 supported on, or attached or adsorbed to at least a part of surfaces of the silicon particles or silicon fine particles 10, or chemically bonded to the surfaces. According to the composite material 100, it is possible to exhibit a capability of generating hydrogen much higher than that of silicon particles or silicon fine particles 10 on which the metal element 20 is hardly supported or to which the metal element 20 is hardly attached or adsorbed, or silicon particles or silicon fine particles 10 which are hardly chemically bonded to the metal element.

[Task] To avoid use of direct fire and suppress CO.sub.2 emission when heating a heat medium used to input heat to dehydrogenation reaction of hydrogenated aromatics.

[Solution] A hydrogen station 1 includes: a dehydrogenation reactor 23 that produces hydrogen by dehydrogenation reaction of a hydrogenated aromatic in presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst; a heat supply device 26 that supplies heat to the dehydrogenation reactor via a heat medium heated by using fuel; and a PSA device 33 that purifies a reaction product gas in the dehydrogenation reactor by using an adsorbent according to a pressure swing adsorption method, wherein the PSA device is supplied with a purge gas containing hydrogen used in regeneration of the adsorbent, the heat supply device includes a storage tank 27 storing the heat medium and a catalytic combustion tube 28 disposed in the storage tank to catalytically combust the fuel in presence of a combustion catalyst, and the catalytic combustion tube is supplied with the purge gas discharged from the PSA device as the fuel together with air.

The present invention relates to a liquid formulation comprising an amount greater than or equal to 50 wt % benzyltoluene and an amount of less than 0.5 mol % diphenylmethane. The invention also relates to the use of said formulation as LOHC for the production of hydrogen comprising less than 0.5 mol % diphenylmethane.