A system, apparatus and process for separating a tritiated heavy water stream into a tritium-lean heavy water stream and a tritium-enriched heavy water stream. Tritiated heavy water (DTO/D2O) is fed to a mid-point of an isotope exchange column. The column contains a hydrophobic solid catalyst to promote exchange of deuterium and tritium. DT/D2 gas flows out of an electrolysis cell and into the first end of the column, concentrating tritium content in the heavy water by counter current flow to produce a tritium-rich heavy water below the feed point and a tritium-lean deuterium gas above. Tritium-rich heavy water flows out the first end of the column and into the electrolysis cell, forming DT/D2 gas and a tritium-enriched heavy water stream. Tritium-lean deuterium gas flows out the second end of the column and into a tritium-lean heavy water unit. Either O2 gas or light water additionally flows into the tritium-lean heavy water unit to form a tritium-lean heavy water.

Tritium is isolated and recovered from tritium-containing water by a membrane electrode including a manganese oxide having a spinel crystal structure and containing hydrogen ions or lithium ions and having one surface coated with a membrane of an ion conductive material.

Tritium is isolated and recovered from tritium-containing water by a membrane electrode including a manganese oxide having a spinel crystal structure and containing hydrogen ions or lithium ions and having one surface coated with a membrane of an ion conductive material.

Novel methods, systems, and apparatuses for reclaiming annealing gases from a high pressure annealing processing system are disclosed. According to an embodiment, the exhaust gasses from the high pressure annealing processing system are directed into a gas reclaiming system only when a precious gas, e.g., deuterium is used. The annealing gas is the separated from other gasses used in the high pressure annealing processing system and is then pressurized, filtered, and purified prior to transferring the gas to a bulk storage distribution unit. In one embodiment, the reclaimed gas is then again provided to the high pressure annealing processing system to anneal the wafers.

Novel methods, systems, and apparatuses for reclaiming annealing gases from a high pressure annealing processing system are disclosed. According to an embodiment, the exhaust gasses from the high pressure annealing processing system are directed into a gas reclaiming system only when a precious gas, e.g., deuterium is used. The annealing gas is the separated from other gasses used in the high pressure annealing processing system and is then pressurized, filtered, and purified prior to transferring the gas to a bulk storage distribution unit. In one embodiment, the reclaimed gas is then again provided to the high pressure annealing processing system to anneal the wafers.

A method of using hydrogen- or lithium-containing manganese oxide having a spinel crystal structure as a tritium adsorbent to trap tritium from tritium-containing water makes it possible to inexpensively separate tritium from water.

A method of using hydrogen- or lithium-containing manganese oxide having a spinel crystal structure as a tritium adsorbent to trap tritium from tritium-containing water makes it possible to inexpensively separate tritium from water.

Described are deuterium-substituted oxazepin compounds of structural Formula I, which are inhibitors/blockers of the late sodium current. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the deuterium-substituted oxazepin compounds, and methods of use thereof.

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Described are deuterium-substituted oxazepin compounds of structural Formula I, which are inhibitors/blockers of the late sodium current. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the deuterium-substituted oxazepin compounds, and methods of use thereof.

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Methods and systems for the separation of isotopes from an aqueous stream are described as can be utilized in one embodiment to remove and recover tritium from contaminated water. Methods include counter-current flow of an aqueous stream on either side of a separation membrane. The separation membrane includes an isotope selective layer (e.g., graphene) and an ion conductive supporting layer (e.g., Nafion). An electronic driving force encourages passage of isotopes selectively across the membrane to enrich the flow in the isotopes.