A method of making a multicomponent photocatalyst, includes inducing precipitation from a pre-cursor solution comprising a pre-cursor of a plasmonic material and a pre-cursor of a reactive component to form co-precipitated particles; collecting the co-precipitated particles; and annealing the co-precipitated particles to form the multicomponent photocatalyst comprising a reactive component optically, thermally, or electronically coupled to a plasmonic material.

Systems and methods for power generation are provided. An example method includes pretreating water by a water pretreatment system to obtain purified water, providing the purified water to a chemical reaction chamber containing a catalyst, applying a focused magnetic field and an electric field to a mixture of the purified water and the catalyst to cause generation of structurally altered gas molecules from the purified water, wherein the structurally altered gas molecules are a combination of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen and the structurally altered gas molecule has a hydrogen-oxygen-hydrogen bond angle between 94 degrees and 104 degrees and a hydrogen-oxygen bond length between 0.95 Angstrom and 1.3 Angstrom, and providing the structurally altered gas molecules to a turbine, wherein the turbine combusts gas includes the structurally altered gas molecules to drive a turbine generator in order to generate electrical power.

The Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process creates significant amounts of water. This FT produced water contains significant amounts of organic impurities. The invention provides methods of treating FT produced water. Surprisingly, it was discovered that the FT produced water could be successfully treated in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) according to relatively simple and more efficient steps; for example, by adjusting the pH of the water in the range of 4.2 to 5.8 or treating the FT produced water in a stripper where the distillate product stream and a reflux stream returning to the stripper have the same composition. In a related aspect, water compositions are described.

The Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process creates significant amounts of water. This FT produced water contains significant amounts of organic impurities. The invention provides methods of treating FT produced water. Surprisingly, it was discovered that the FT produced water could be successfully treated in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) according to relatively simple and more efficient steps; for example, by adjusting the pH of the water in the range of 4.2 to 5.8 or treating the FT produced water in a stripper where the distillate product stream and a reflux stream returning to the stripper have the same composition. In a related aspect, water compositions are described.

A composition that absorbs oxygen and emits carbon dioxide in response to absorbing oxygen including ascorbic acid, an organic acid, a catalyst that promotes oxidation of the organic acid and emission of carbon dioxide and a soluble transition metal salt characterized by multiple oxidation states.

A composition that absorbs oxygen and emits carbon dioxide in response to absorbing oxygen including ascorbic acid, an organic acid, a catalyst that promotes oxidation of the organic acid and emission of carbon dioxide and a soluble transition metal salt characterized by multiple oxidation states.

A recombinator for the catalytic recombination of hydrogen and oxygen generated in energy converters, in particular accumulators, to form water, comprising a housing in which a volume space is formed, into which the gases can flow via an opening and in which a recombination device is arranged that comprises a portion for a catalyst material and a portion for an absorption material, wherein the flow path of the gases to be recombined extends through the portion comprising the absorption material into the portion comprising the catalyst material, wherein a distance space is formed between the portion comprising the absorption material and the portion comprising the catalyst material, wherein the catalyst material is configured as a catalyst bar, the catalyst bar is arranged in a first gas-permeable tube and the distance space is formed in a gap space between the inner walling of the first gas-permeable tube and the outer wall of the catalyst bar.

An oxygenated water producing apparatus has a filtration assembly, an oxygen dissolving assembly, a minimizing assembly, and an electrolytic assembly that communicate with one another. The filtration assembly has a water filtration device, a water softener, and a water purifier communicating with one another in series. The oxygen dissolving assembly has a cooling tank communicating with the water purifier, a pump communicating with the cooling tank, an air pipe connected to the pump, and a pressure tank communicating with the pump. The minimizing assembly has at least one minimizing device. Each minimizing device has a shell, a minimizing basket with multiple filtrating holes, and a minimizing plate with multiple meshes mounted inside the shell. The electrolytic assembly has at least one electrolytic unit. Each electrolytic unit has a tube having an inlet and an outlet, and a cathode and an anode assembled to the tube.

The present invention relates to a process for the reduction of pitch in an aqueous medium generated in a papermaking or pulping process, comprising the following steps: a) providing an aqueous medium comprising pitch generated in a papermaking or pulping process; b) providing a ground calcium carbonate and/or a precipitated calcium carbonate; c) providing a hydrophobising agent selected from an aliphatic carboxylic acid having between 5 and 24 carbon atoms; d) contacting the ground calcium carbonate and/or the precipitated calcium carbonate of step b) with the hydrophobising agent of step c) for obtaining a hydrophobised ground calcium carbonate and/or a hydrophobised precipitated calcium carbonate; and e) contacting the aqueous medium provided in step a) with the hydrophobised ground calcium carbonate and/or the hydrophobised precipitated calcium carbonate obtained in step d), to the use of a hydrophobised ground calcium carbonate and/or a hydrophobised ground calcium carbonate for reducing the amount of pitch in an aqueous medium as well as to a hydrophobised ground calcium carbonate and/or a hydrophobised ground calcium carbonate and a composite of hydrophobised ground calcium carbonate and/or hydrophobised ground calcium carbonate and pitch.

Disclosed is a light-material coupling and emitting apparatus for coupling and emitting light and a material. The present disclosure is to utilize light coupled with a gaseous material or a certain state of material. According to the present disclosure, light is coupled with a gas, a liquid, or any state (plasma state) of material, and the coupled light and the material are emitted toward a target object or a predetermined region. When reaching the target object or the predetermined region, the material reacts with another material existing around the target object or the predetermined region. According to one embodiment, when light coupled with a first material is emitted from the light-material coupling and emitting apparatus, the first material coupled with the light falls away from the light and then chemically reacts with a second material. The apparatus uses a specific effect caused by this chemical reaction.