A method of making an alkaline hydronium composition and composition of matter having the following chemical structure:

[H.sub.xO.sub.x-y].sub.mZ.sub.n where x is an integer greater than 3; y is and integer less than x; and wherein the charge value associated with the molecular component is at least 1

Processes and apparatuses for treating a sour synthesis gas are provided. The process comprises passing the sour synthesis gas stream to an acid gas removal unit to provide a treated synthesis gas stream and a CO.sub.2 rich stream. At least a portion of the CO.sub.2 rich stream is passed to a thermal oxidizer unit to provide a treated CO.sub.2 gas stream. At least a portion of the treated synthesis gas stream is passed to a pressure swing adsorption unit to obtain a purified hydrogen stream and a tail gas stream. At least a portion of the tail gas stream is passed to the thermal oxidizer unit.

Processes and apparatuses for treating a sour synthesis gas are provided. The process comprises passing the sour synthesis gas stream to an acid gas removal unit to provide a treated synthesis gas stream and a CO.sub.2 rich stream. At least a portion of the CO.sub.2 rich stream is passed to a thermal oxidizer unit to provide a treated CO.sub.2 gas stream. At least a portion of the treated synthesis gas stream is passed to a pressure swing adsorption unit to obtain a purified hydrogen stream and a tail gas stream. At least a portion of the tail gas stream is passed to the thermal oxidizer unit.

A sulfur-carbon composite and a lithium-sulfur battery including the same, and in particular, to a sulfur-carbon composite comprising a porous carbon material; and sulfur on at least a part of an inside and outside surface of the porous carbon material, wherein the inside and outside surface of the porous carbon material include a coating layer comprising an ion conducting polymer, and a lithium-sulfur battery including the same. Also provided is an ion conducting polymer coating layer on a porous carbon material surface which thereby improves a lithium ion conducting property to a positive electrode, and as a result, may enhance capacity and life time properties of a lithium-sulfur battery.

Diffusion and infusion resistant implantable devices and methods for reducing pulsatile pressure are provided. The implantable device includes a balloon implantable within a blood vessel of a patient, e.g., the pulmonary artery. The balloon is injected with a fluid mixture comprising a constituent fluid(s) and a diffusion-resistant gas to provide optimal balloon volume and limit fluid diffusion throughout multiple cardiac cycles. The fluid mixture may be pressurized such that the balloon is transitionable between an expanded state and a collapsed state responsive to pressure fluctuations in the blood vessel.

Diffusion and infusion resistant implantable devices and methods for reducing pulsatile pressure are provided. The implantable device includes a balloon implantable within a blood vessel of a patient, e.g., the pulmonary artery. The balloon is injected with a fluid mixture comprising a constituent fluid(s) and a diffusion-resistant gas to provide optimal balloon volume and limit fluid diffusion throughout multiple cardiac cycles. The fluid mixture may be pressurized such that the balloon is transitionable between an expanded state and a collapsed state responsive to pressure fluctuations in the blood vessel.

A composition of matter having the following chemical structure:
H.sub.xY.sub.x-y where x is an integer greater than 3; y is and integer less than x; and wherein the charge value associated with the molecular component is at least 1.

A composition of matter having the following chemical structure:
H.sub.xY.sub.x-y where x is an integer greater than 3; y is and integer less than x; and wherein the charge value associated with the molecular component is at least 1.

A fabrication method of an electrode for an all solid cell includes: providing a sulfide-based solid electrolyte; forming a coating layer on a surface of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte by heating a nonmetallic oxide at 300 to 700 C.; forming electrode slurry by mixing an electrode active material, the sulfide-based solid electrolyte formed with the coating layer, and a conductive material with a polar solvent; casting the electrode slurry on at least one surface of an electrode current collector; removing the polar solvent by heating the cast electrode slurry at 100 to 300 C.; and removing the coating layer by heating the electrode slurry from which the polar solvent is removed at 300 to 700 C.

A sulfur-carbon composite in which sulfur is combined with porous carbon is provided. In the sulfur-carbon composite, a mass loss ratio X at 500 C. in thermal mass analysis and a mass ratio Y of sulfur/(sulfur+carbon) in an observation visual field at a magnification of 1000 in SEM-EDS quantitative analysis satisfy the relationship of |X/Y1|0.12, and porous carbon has a mean pore diameter of 1 to 6 nm, and a specific surface area of 2000 m.sup.2g.sup.1 or more and 3000 m.sup.2g.sup.1 or less.