The present invention provides a method for producing a solution of nanosheets, comprising the step of contacting an intercalated layered material with a polar aprotic solvent to produce a solution of nanosheets, wherein the intercalated layered material is prepared from a layered material selected from the group consisting of a transition metal dichalcogenide, a transition metal monochalcogenide, a transition metal trichalcogenide, a transition metal oxide, a metal halide, an oxychalcogenide, an oxypnictide, an oxyhalide of a transition metal, a trioxide, a perovskite, a niobate, a ruthenate, a layered III-VI semiconductor, black phosphorous and a V-VI layered compound. The invention also provides a solution of nanosheets and a plated material formed from nanosheets.

The present invention provides a method for producing a solution of nanosheets, comprising the step of contacting an intercalated layered material with a polar aprotic solvent to produce a solution of nanosheets, wherein the intercalated layered material is prepared from a layered material selected from the group consisting of a transition metal dichalcogenide, a transition metal monochalcogenide, a transition metal trichalcogenide, a transition metal oxide, a metal halide, an oxychalcogenide, an oxypnictide, an oxyhalide of a transition metal, a trioxide, a perovskite, a niobate, a ruthenate, a layered III-VI semiconductor, black phosphorous and a V-VI layered compound. The invention also provides a solution of nanosheets and a plated material formed from nanosheets.

A method is presented for fabricating an anode preloaded with consumable metals. The method provides a material (X), which may be one of the following materials: carbon, metals able to be electrochemically alloyed with a metal (Me), intercalation oxides, electrochemically active organic compounds, and combinations of the above-listed materials. The method loads the metal (Me) into the material (X). Typically, Me is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or a combination of the two. As a result, the method forms a preloaded anode comprising Me/X for use in a battery comprising a M1.sub.YM2.sub.Z(CN).sub.N.MH.sub.2O cathode, where M1 and M2 are transition metals. The method loads the metal (Me) into the material (X) using physical (mechanical) mixing, a chemical reaction, or an electrochemical reaction. Also provided is preloaded anode, preloaded with consumable metals.

A composition of matter having the following chemical structure: $\left[\frac{H_x{O}_{\left(x-1\right)}}{2}\right]Z_y$ wherein x is an odd integer 3; y is an integer between 1 and 20; and Z is one of a monoatomic ion from Groups 14 through 17 having a charge value between 1 and 3 or a polyatomic ion having a charge between 1 and 3.

A composition of matter having the following chemical structure: $\left[\frac{H_x{O}_{\left(x-1\right)}}{2}\right]Z_y$ wherein x is an odd integer 3; y is an integer between 1 and 20; and Z is one of a monoatomic ion from Groups 14 through 17 having a charge value between 1 and 3 or a polyatomic ion having a charge between 1 and 3.

Disclosed is a method for recovering phosphorus from sludge rich in chemical phosphorus precipitates using a high-protein biomass waste, comprising introducing the sludge rich in chemical phosphorus precipitates into an anaerobic fermenter, adding a certain amount of a high-protein biomass by-product, sealing the fermenter and fermenting for 4-7 days. The method can effectively increase the phosphorus release efficiency from the sludge, and also generate volatile short-chain fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen in high concentrations. After dewatering, phosphorus and part of ammonia nitrogen can be recovered in a form of high-purity struvite crystals only by addition of a magnesium salt and adjustment of pH to 7.5-9.0. The volatile short-chain fatty acids can be used as an economical carbon source. The method allows simultaneous utilization of two solid wastes to recover carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus resources, and can reduce the usage of chemical reagents, saving the treatment cost.

The present invention concerns a method for purifying at least one aqueous solution of phosphoric acid continuously, comprising at least: providing, in at least one vessel, at least one solution AP derived from at least one phosphoric acid obtained by a process for wet-chemical production of phosphoric acid, said solution in said vessel being at a temperature between 65 C. and 98 C., and said solution AP comprising before said step 1: between 50% and 63% by weight of P.sub.2O.sub.5 and between 0.1% and 0.5% by weight of SO.sub.3; adding barium carbonate to said vessel, said barium carbonate having a specific particle size distribution which allows for effective flow of the barium carbonate while allowing it to have good reactivity.

A method for phosphorus removal and recovery using an organic carbon source of urban sewage, including: first filling a biofilm reactor with sewage; stirring under anaerobic conditions, phosphorus being released from a polyphosphate biofilm using an organic carbon source in the sewage; discharging a portion of the sewage after the aforementioned treatment into a recovery tank and storing same as a recovery liquid; performing aerobic aeration on the remaining part of the sewage after anaerobic treatment, such that phosphorus is absorbed by the polyphosphate biofilm until the concentration of phosphorus reaches a requirement for discharge; turning off the aeration device and discharging the sewage; returning the recovery liquid to the biofilm reactor, simultaneously adding sewage to fill the reactor, and repeating the aforementioned steps multiple times; and obtaining a phosphorus recovery liquid when the concentration of phosphorus in the recovery liquid reaches the requirements for a phosphorus recovery process.

The present invention relates to a method for synthesising nitrogen-containing phosphorus(V) precursors of formula (I), wherein a phosphate compound is reacted with an oxygen acceptor based on a sulfonic anhydride in the presence of a Lewis base L.sub.N capable of coordination via a nitrogen atom, wherein the Lewis base L.sub.N is a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compound containing a six-membered heteroaromatic ring. The present invention also relates to a method for synthesising oxyphosphorus compounds, wherein the method for synthesising nitrogen-containing phosphorus(V) precursors of formula (I) is carried out and the nitrogen-containing phosphorus(V) precursor of formula (I) is reacted with a nucleophile.

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Provided are a positive active material, a positive electrode plate, a lithium-ion battery, and an electric device. The positive active material includes lithium iron phosphate particles. A volume percentage of the lithium iron phosphate particles having a particle size smaller than 1 m is x, and a volume percentage of the lithium iron phosphate particles having a particle size greater than 5 m is z, z/x ranging from 0.5 to 2.8.