The present invention relates to use of an amino-containing neutral phosphine extractant of Formula I in extraction and separation of thorium, and a process of extracting and separating thorium using the amino-containing neutral phosphine extractant of Formula I, ##STR00001##
wherein, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-16 alkyl and hydrogen, and n is an integer of 1 to 8.

Layered double hydroxides organo-modified by 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (HPPA), by 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylsulfonic acid or by a hydroxyphenylpropenoic acid, and to composite polymer materials having same. The composite materials are advantageously made of biosourced polymers such as poly(butylene succinate). These composite materials have improved properties over the polymers that make up the composition thereof, and over the composites of the prior art.

Layered double hydroxides organo-modified by 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (HPPA), by 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylsulfonic acid or by a hydroxyphenylpropenoic acid, and to composite polymer materials having same. The composite materials are advantageously made of biosourced polymers such as poly(butylene succinate). These composite materials have improved properties over the polymers that make up the composition thereof, and over the composites of the prior art.

Provided is an aluminate fluorescent material having a composition represented by the formula X1.sub.aMg.sub.bMn.sub.cAl.sub.dO.sub.a+b+c+1.5d, in which X1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr; and Ca, a, b, c, and d satisfy 0.5a1.0, 0.0b<0.4, 0.3c0.7, 8.5d13.0, and 9.0b+c+d14.0.

Provided is an aluminate fluorescent material having a composition represented by the formula X1.sub.aMg.sub.bMn.sub.cAl.sub.dO.sub.a+b+c+1.5d, in which X1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr; and Ca, a, b, c, and d satisfy 0.5a1.0, 0.0b<0.4, 0.3c0.7, 8.5d13.0, and 9.0b+c+d14.0.

Described herein are processes and apparatus for the high purity and high concentration recovery of multivalent products via continuous ion exchange from aqueous solutions for further down-stream purification.

The disclosure provides an electrolyte supplement system in an aluminum electrolysis process, which includes low-molecular-ratio cryolite, wherein the low-molecular-ratio cryolite is selected from mKF.AlF.sub.3, nNaF.AlF.sub.3 or mixture thereof, where m=11.5 and n=11.5. When the electrolyte supplement system provided by the disclosure is applied to the aluminum electrolytic industry, electrolytic temperature can be reduced obviously in the aluminum electrolysis process without changing the existing electrolytic process; thus, power consumption is reduced, volatilization loss of fluoride is reduced and the comprehensive cost of production is reduced.

The disclosure provides an electrolyte supplement system in an aluminum electrolysis process, which includes low-molecular-ratio cryolite, wherein the low-molecular-ratio cryolite is selected from mKF.AlF.sub.3, nNaF.AlF.sub.3 or mixture thereof, where m=11.5 and n=11.5. When the electrolyte supplement system provided by the disclosure is applied to the aluminum electrolytic industry, electrolytic temperature can be reduced obviously in the aluminum electrolysis process without changing the existing electrolytic process; thus, power consumption is reduced, volatilization loss of fluoride is reduced and the comprehensive cost of production is reduced.

A process for ultrasensitive in vitro detection and/or quantification of a substance of interest in a sample is performed by detecting the luminescence emission by photoluminescent inorganic nanoparticles. The process includes (i) use of photoluminescent particles comprising a photoluminescent inorganic nanoparticle consisting of a crystalline matrix having at least 10.sup.3 rare-earth ions, and coupled to a targeting agent for the substance to be analyzed, under conditions conducive to their association with the sample substance to be analyzed; (ii) exciting the rare-earth ions of the particles by an illumination device having a power of at least 50 mW and an excitation intensity of at least 1 W/cm.sup.2; (iii) detecting the luminescence emission by the particles after single-photon absorption; and (iv) determining the presence and/or concentration of the substance by interpreting said luminescence measurement. This process can be used for in vitro diagnostic purposes and as an in vitro diagnostic kit.

Dy.sub.2O.sub.3 particles of a nanoparticle scale have beneficial properties for ceramic and electronic uses. Disclosed herein are moderately dispersed Dy.sub.2O.sub.3 particles having regular morphology and lateral size ranging from about 10 nm to 1 m. The Dy.sub.2O.sub.3 particles may exhibit a narrow particle size distribution such that the difference between D.sub.10 and D.sub.90 is about 0.1 m to 1 m. Further disclosed are processes of producing these moderately dispersed Dy.sub.2O.sub.3 particles. These processes do not include grinding to obtain the particles. Also disclosed herein are uses for these Dy.sub.2O.sub.3 particles.