An apparatus for and method of steam treatment of fodder, for example animal fodder which is typically in baled form. The purpose of steam treating is to kill mesophilic and thermophilic mould spores that are either attached to the fodder or detach when disturbed and become airborne. These airborne particles are associated with respiratory problems, infections and allergies to livestock as well as humans. The apparatus for steam treating fodder comprises at least one steam distribution manifold, which has a plurality of lances adapted to penetrate a bale of fodder so that steam is supplied to the interior volume of the fodder.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for using recombinant C.sub.1 metabolizing microorganisms capable of metabolizing sulfur containing compounds and other contaminants to biologically convert sour or acidic natural gas into high-value molecules, and to allow recovery of stranded oil.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for using recombinant C.sub.1 metabolizing microorganisms capable of metabolizing sulfur containing compounds and other contaminants to biologically convert sour or acidic natural gas into high-value molecules, and to allow recovery of stranded oil.

Disclosed herein are apparatus, methods and systems for promoting and encouraging the beneficial recycling of food waste. In one aspect, disclosed herein is a tamper resistant lid assembly for a receptacle. The lid assembly is locatable over an opening of the receptacle and comprises a first lid that is operable by a user and which comprises a lock for locking the first lid in a closed configuration; and a second lid that is operable independently of the first lid, the second lid being biased into a closed configuration but openable by a collector of the receptacle in order to empty the receptacle. The assembly is configured such that the second lid is not manually openable.

Disclosed herein are apparatus, methods and systems for promoting and encouraging the beneficial recycling of food waste. In one aspect, disclosed herein is a tamper resistant lid assembly for a receptacle. The lid assembly is locatable over an opening of the receptacle and comprises a first lid that is operable by a user and which comprises a lock for locking the first lid in a closed configuration; and a second lid that is operable independently of the first lid, the second lid being biased into a closed configuration but openable by a collector of the receptacle in order to empty the receptacle. The assembly is configured such that the second lid is not manually openable.

A system and method for recycling food scraps are provided. Food scraps are received into the system and is conveyed to a depacker. The depacker separates organics in the food scraps from packaging trash. Cleanliness in the depacker is controlled via a screen size. The organics are cooked in a cooker at a predetermined time and temperature to create an animal feed which is stored or delivered.

A process to remove the glucosinolates of oilseed meals, such as Brassica carinata oilseed meals, is provided. In one embodiment, exogenous myrosinase is used to convert the glucosinolates to volatile isothiocyanate compounds, which can then be removed under conditions of mild heat and negative pressure. In another embodiment, heat and pressure are used to remove glucosinolates from Brassica carinata oilseed. The processed meals may contain less than 80% of their starting levels of glucosinolates and may be suitable for use in various applications, including as animal feeds.

The present invention provides an apparatus for steaming animal fodder comprising a body defining a chamber in which the animal fodder may be placed. The body comprises an upper part and a lower part configured to be placed together to form the chamber. The apparatus further comprises a conduit configured to carry steam to an aperture configured to allow the steam to pass into the chamber. The body is formed from an expanded polymer foam.

The present invention provides an apparatus for steaming animal fodder comprising a body defining a chamber in which animal fodder may be placed. The body comprises an upper part and a lower part configured to be placed together to form the chamber. The lower part includes a floor on which the animal fodder is supported. The apparatus further comprises an aperture provided in the floor of the lower part, a conduit configured to carry steam to the aperture thereby allowing steam to pass into the chamber, and a controller arranged to control passage of steam to and through the aperture in at least one combined cycle. The at least one combined cycle comprises a low-pressure phase in which the controller allows steam to pass to and through the aperture into the chamber at a relatively low pressure, a high-pressure phase in which the controller allows steam to pass to and through the aperture into the chamber at a relatively high pressure, and such that each combined cycle of the least one combined cycle includes the low-pressure phase followed by the high-pressure phase.

Embodiments include moisture addition systems and methods. In an embodiment, a system includes a vessel defining an interior volume, a fluid supply system to add fluid into the vessel, a first moisture sensor, and a control module. The first moisture sensor is configured to measure the moisture content of a material within the vessel, such as a total mixed ration (TMR). The first moisture sensor can include a microwave moisture sensor. The control module is configured to control the fluid supply system. The control module controls the amount and rate at which fluid is added to the vessel. The control module is configured to receive a signal regarding the moisture content within the vessel from the first moisture sensor. The amount or rate at which fluid is added can be varied based on the moisture content within the vessel. Other embodiments are also included herein.